Nobility of Georgia (country)

The Georgian nobiliary system had a title equivalent to that of a western archduke called Eristvi-mtavar.[3]

The Georgian hereditary titles of Mtavari (Georgian: მთავარი) and Tavadi (Georgian: თავადი), both having similar roots, were granted to heads of noble houses and considered equivalent to the German Fürst while cadet houses (and their heads), would use titles such as Tavadischvili and Eristvichili.[1][3] These houses enjoying the title of Mtavari or Tavadi are recognized by the sovereign as being of the most important in the realm, of nobility from time immemorial equivalent to the uradel of Germany or the noblesse de race of France.[1] These princely houses of Georgia enjoyed full authority over their dominion and headed their own armies, enjoying a kind of mediatized sovereignty under the Georgian Crown.[1]

At the end of the middle ages, the title of Mtavari came to be associated with independent princes whereas Tavadi would designate those directly under Crown.[1] The realm of the former would be known as samtavaro whereas of the latter satavado.[1]

Starting in the 15th century, the newer title of Tavadi began to denote ruling princes whereas the older Mtavari was used explicitly by the five ruling princes of Georgia or by the head of undivided house.[2]

The Batonishvili title was reserved for Royal Princes and for royal cadet houses, equivalent to the Russian czarevich.[3]

The Georgian equivalent of duke was the title of Eristavi (Georgian: ერისთავი), and in a singular case the Armenian Melik.[1][3] The need for this class of nobles came out of the need of the Georgian Crown to introduce feudal reforms in the realm and recognizing the low control of the (semi) independent princely houses.[1] The realms under the direct control of the ducal houses were known as saeristavo.

The term didebuli (Georgian: დიდებული) came into being with the introduction of feudalism and had the equivalent meaning as a grandee in Spain applying to all of the highest nobility.[2] From the 11th and through the 14th century, the titles of Mtavari and Tavadi were equal to Eristavi, all three referring to the upper nobility, the princes. [2] However, starting in the 15th century, the title with its feudal connotations started to fade away.[2]

The broad class of untitled nobles were known as Aznauri (Georgian: აზნაური).[1][2] These lesser nobles were divided into the mamaseulni (Georgian: მამსეულნი) or natesavit aznauri (Georgian: ნათესავით აზნაური), which were nobles of time immemorial (equivalent to the uradel of Germany) and the aghzeebul aznauri (Georgian: აღზეებულ აზნაურს), the nobility through a brevet (granted by a King or lord).[2]

It is noticeable that the feudal untitled nobles of Georgia starting in the 15th century, were much more dependent on their lords compared to their counterparts in western Europe, so much so that the Aznauri were considered to be slaves (Georgian: ქმანი, romanized: kmani) of the feudal lords.[2]

With the formal integration of the Georgian Kingdoms into the Russian Empire, all former royal, princely, and ducal houses were received by imperial decree as princes of the empire.[1] The untitled nobles were incorporated as untitled nobility of the Empire and a full list of admitted families was published by imperial authorities.[1]

After the annexation, all nobiliary titles in what were the former independent kingdoms of Georgia followed the Russian nobility system.[1][2] Interestingly, in 1837 the untitled nobles in eastern Georgia were emancipated from their princes but were required to prove the title to their lands; if they were unable to do so, the lost the land to their lords and became peasants.[2] This was repeated in western Georgia in the 1840s.[2]

• List of Georgian princely families
• Georgian feudalism
• Court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia
• Noble families of Georgia
• Noble titles of Georgia
• Bagrationi dynasty
• "Georgian Nobility in the Russian Empire". Russian Nobility Association in America.