Nude beach

Sign on the beach at Cap d'Agde, France, informing that naturism is obligatory at this beach

The last part of the eastern part of the beach of Plakias in the south of the Prefecture of Rethymno in Crete (Greece) that is used mainly by tourists for nudism

There are several categories of nude beaches:

• Beaches where nudity is required, subject to weather conditions. This type of nude beach is common at dedicated naturist resorts.
• Beaches where nudity is encouraged, but not mandatory. This type of nude beach is common when the beach is part of a private resort or other private property. On such beaches, most people go nude, but some do not.

Haulover Beach, Florida, United States

• Beaches where nudity is permitted, but not mandatory (i.e. clothing-optional beaches). Most beaches in Denmark and some in Norway are clothing-optional. A large and popular U.S. clothing-optional beach is Haulover Park in Bal Harbour, Florida,[1] which has a clothing-optional section officially designated by Miami-Dade County. On such beaches, there may be a mixture of nude people and clothed people. For some clothed people, the clothing-optional status makes them less reluctant to expose themselves briefly when changing clothes.
• Beaches where nudity is illegal, but tolerated by the authorities. Beaches in this category are generally public beaches where the authorities turn a blind eye to nudity by not enforcing local laws.
• Beaches where nudity is illegal and not tolerated. At such beaches, nude persons may be directed to don clothing, may be fined, or may be arrested.
• Textile beaches. Textile beaches are specifically not nude or clothing-optional. The term is used for a beach where nudity is not permitted, but where a clothing-optional beach is nearby.[2]

A group of naturist friends at Haulover Park beach, US

Most beaches around the world, including nude beaches, are on public lands. That means that although private resorts and hotels that adjoin a beach may enclose their property behind fences with controlled access, most countries do not allow private ownership of the actual beach area. Thus, while a resort can control access and set clothing standards on its property, these standards would not necessarily apply to the beach itself, which remains subject to local laws or customs, and public access to the beach itself usually remains unrestricted. This applies, for example, to the islands in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Florida. On the Seven Mile Beach in Negril, Jamaica, for example, though the beach is lined with private resorts with fences down to the sand/waterline, the beach itself is open to the public. Though actual clothing standards vary from resort to resort, the beach area is officially designated as "topfree", and public access is unrestricted.

The Hibiscus Coast Local Municipality in South Africa formalize an existing clothing-optional beach within the Mpenjati Nature Reserve.[3]

There are eight officially regulated naturist beaches in Brazil, but they are not "clothing optional". Nudity is required, and single men are not allowed unless they have a membership card from a recognized naturist organization. Otherwise, they are similar to other self-regulated naturist beaches, asserting that nudity is natural, and need not be sexual.[4]

The International Naturist Federation has developed a code of conduct, or etiquette, for use by member organizations. The INF nude beach etiquette requires the avoidance of all forms of sexual harassment and sexual activity, such as masturbation or sexual intercourse. Predatory behavior is not permitted, nor is unauthorized photography.[5] In general, the standards call for the respecting of the privacy of other visitors. Staring is frowned upon by rule and social pressure.[6]

Violations of these norms is not unheard of, sexual activity being reported at Lady's Bay beach in Auckland, New Zealand.[7]

However, unlike naturist resorts and hotels, which can enforce standards of conduct on their properties promptly and effectively, most nude beaches are on public lands, making the enforcement of standards of nude beach etiquette a more personal matter, subject to the deterrence of local laws. The standards of conduct take different forms in different countries. Other than the fact that people using a nude beach expect to find naked people on the beach, most other local laws and customs continue to apply.

Vintage image of German sunbathers, 1984

In 1920, Germany had already opened its first official nude beach in Kampen on the island of Sylt.[8] In 1936, King Edward VIII and his lover Wallis Simpson took a charter cruise along the Adriatic Sea. They visited a beach on the Croatian island of Rab, where the local authorities granted the King special permission to swim in the nude. This event marked the beginning of nudist tourism in Croatia.[9] Nude beaches became popular in the 1950s along the French coast[10] and have since spread around the world, though they are still few and far between. Some nude beaches are part of a larger nude area, such as the Cap d'Agde area. Most beaches in Denmark[11][12] and some beaches in Norway[13] are clothing-optional. In Germany there are clothes optional sunbathing areas in public parks, e.g., Munich[14] and Berlin.[15] Beaches in some holiday destinations, such as Crete, are also clothing-optional, except some central urban beaches.[16] There are two centrally located clothes-optional beaches in Barcelona.[17]

The 1960s and '70s saw some tolerance for nude beaches in the United States. An example was Jacob Riis Park, where nudity was limited to "Bay One" the northernmost section informally demarcated by jetties. Originally frequented by gay men, popularity expanded to traditional naturists, including families. When the park became part of the Gateway National Recreation Area in 1972, Federal law superseded local indecent exposure laws. In 1974 a city law was passed specifically prohibiting nudity in the park, but the U.S. Park Police continued their policy of leniency unless other laws were being violated. Nudity was made illegal by a state law in 1983.[18]

Though free beaches developed separately from national naturist bodies, some of these bodies have taken an interest and helped to protect them legally, and through the publication of guidelines of acceptable behaviour.[19] In North America, the Free Beach Movement was the name of a group that was opposed to the direction of the official nudist organisation, the American Association for Nude Recreation, and set up the rival body The Naturist Society. Clothes free organizations and free beach associations, such as the Naturist Action Committee, lobby for the removal of laws which prohibit nude swimming and sunbathing or the increase in the number of nude beaches and sometimes to improve the amenities at nude beaches.

• Freikörperkultur
• List of places where social nudity is practised
• Naturism
• Nude recreation
• Nude swimming
• Nudity