Nuevas Ideas

Nuevas Ideas (Spanish for "New Ideas"; abbreviated N or NI) is a Salvadoran political party. The party was founded on 25 October 2017 by Nayib Bukele, the then-mayor of San Salvador, and was registered by the Supreme Electoral Court on 21 August 2018. The party's current president is Xavier Zablah Bukele, a cousin of Bukele who has served since March 2020.

New Ideas
Nuevas Ideas
AbbreviationN, NI
FounderNayib Bukele
PresidentXavier Zablah Bukele
Founded25 October 2017 (2017-10-25)
Registered21 August 2018 (2018-08-21)
Split fromFarabundo Martí National Liberation Front
Headquarters
Membership (2019)507,633
Ideology
Political positionBig tent
Regional affiliationCenter-Democratic Integration Group
Colors  Cyan
  White
Seats in the Legislative Assembly
56 / 84
Municipalities
152 / 262
Seats in PARLACEN
14 / 20
Party flag
A cyan banner with a white letter N in the center
Website
nuevasideas.com
This article is part of
a series about
Nayib Bukele
Political offices
Presidency
Bukelism – Cabinet – Nuevas Ideas
Elections

Nayib Bukele's signature

Media gallery

Although Nuevas Ideas was formed before the 2019 presidential election, it was not legally registered as a political party in time to run a candidate. As such, Bukele ran for president as a member of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA), but he continued to use Nuevas Ideas branding throughout his campaign. He won the election with 53 percent of the vote and assumed office on 1 June 2019, becoming the first president in 30 years to not be a member of the country's two largest political parties: the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) or the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). During the 2021 legislative election, Nuevas Ideas won a supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, winning 56 of 84 seats. The party also won 152 of the country's 262 municipalities and 14 of the country's 20 seats in the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN).

Ahead of the upcoming 2024 general election, Bukele has announced that he is running for re-election, and Nuevas Ideas leadership has stated that the party aims to win all 60 seats in the Legislative Assembly. In October 2022, the Nuevas Ideas-led Legislative Assembly passed a law to allow Salvadoran expatriates to vote in the election. In June 2023, it passed two proposals made by Bukele to reduce the number of legislative seats from 84 to 60 as well as reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44; both actions were described as a consolidation of power.

Nuevas Ideas is a big tent political party, rejecting both left and right-wing labels, and Bukele portrays the party as a Third Way. Meanwhile, Bukele himself has been described as a conservative and has been supported by conservatives abroad. The party's primary platform is combatting corruption. Nuevas Ideas has been described as a Bukelist political party, following Bukele's political ideology; according to Anna-Catherine Brigida and Mary Beth Sheridan of The Washington Post, the party is "based more on his [Bukele's] image and performance than on a traditional political ideology". Jonathan Blitzer of The New Yorker described Nuevas Ideas government officials as being united in their loyalty to Bukele. Óscar Picardo Joao of El Faro described the party as a cult of Bukele's personality. The party's primary colors are cyan and white, and its logo is a capital letter N, sometimes called "the N of Nayib" ("la N de Nayib"). The party, described as being populist, utilizes social media outlets to rally support among young voters and to spread pro-government and anti-opposition propaganda. As of 2019, the party has 507,633 members.

History

Establishment

On 10 October 2017, Nayib Bukele, the then-mayor of San Salvador, was expelled from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) by its ethics tribunal after he was accused of violating the party's principles and verbally attacking party official Xóchitl Marchelli.[1] Five days after he was expelled from the party, Bukele expressed his intention to run for president in the upcoming 2019 presidential election as a member of a new political movement.[2] On 25 October 2017, Bukele announced the establishment of a new political party, Nuevas Ideas (Spanish for "New Ideas"), on social media such as Facebook and YouTube. Bukele stated that the party sought to remove the established political parties—particularly the FMLN and the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA)—from their established power.[3]

Bukele claimed that the political system would seek to hinder his presidential candidacy.[3] Fernando Argíello Téllez, a magistrate of the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE), believed that it could be viable that the party would be registered in time for the 2019 presidential election, adding that it "does not have any restriction at this moment" ("no tiene ninguna restricción en este momento"). Regardless, the TSE asked the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice if Bukele being expelled from the FMLN, rather than resigning or legally changing political affiliation, would make him a defector and disqualify him from running for public office.[4]

By legal requirement, Nuevas Ideas had to collect 50,000 signatures to be legally registered as a political party by the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE).[4] On 8 May 2018, Nuevas Ideas collected 200,000 signatures within a span of three days and turned in 2,000 books of signatures to the TSE.[5] The TSE accepted 176,076 signatures as valid in late-June 2018,[6] but the party was not legally registered until 21 August 2018.[7] As Bukele believed that the party would not be registered in time for the presidential election, he decided to run for president as a member of Democratic Change (CD), but the TSE disqualified the party as it failed to earn more than 50,000 votes in the 2015 legislative and municipal elections.[8] Bukele then sought to run for president as a member of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA), winning the party's presidential nomination on 29 July 2018.[9]

A man (Nayib Bukele) standing at a podium and speaking to a large crowd.
Nayib Bukele's presidential inauguration on 1 June 2019.

Although Bukele officially ran for president as a member of GANA, he continued to use Nuevas Ideas branding throughout his campaign.[10] Opinion polling gave Bukele consistent leads against the ARENA and FMLN presidential candidates, with several giving him over 50 percent support.[11] Bukele ultimately won the 2019 election with 53.10 percent of the vote, foregoing the need for a second round.[12] He was inaugurated on 1 June 2019, becoming the first president since José Napoleón Duarte of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) left office in 1989 to not be a member of either ARENA or the FMLN.[13]

2021 legislative election

Although Bukele was the country's president, he did not control the Legislative Assembly. The legislature was still controlled by the political opposition, while GANA held 11 seats and Nuevas Ideas held zero seats.[14] In an attempt to secure a US$109 million loan from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) for his security policies, Bukele called for an extraordinary legislative session and sent 40 soldiers into the Legislative Assembly in what was described by the opposition as an "attempted coup".[15]

On 19 July 2020, Nuevas Ideas held its primary elections to determine the party's candidates for the upcoming 2021 legislative election, the first election in which the party participated.[16] Candidates for the Legislative Assembly, the country's 262 municipalities, and the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) were elected via electronic voting.[17] During the primaries, 150 complaints of fraud were issued alleging that some candidates had purchased chips to register more than one vote. Douglas Rodríguez, the secretary of the party's National Electoral Commission (CNE), confirmed that some candidates had bought chips and validated them.[18] The CNE confirmed that it would seek the identities of candidates involved in buying chips and would hand over cases with sufficient evidence to the party's ethics commission.[17]

In September 2020, the El Faro digital newspaper alleged that Bukele had entered into secret negotiations with Mara Salvatrucha and the 18th Street gang, two of the country's largest criminal gangs, to reduce the country's murder rate and vote for Nuevas Ideas in the 2021 election in exchange for repealing anti-gang laws and relaxing security in prisons. Bukele denied the allegations, saying on Twitter "they accuse us of violating the terrorists' [the gang members'] human rights. Now they say we give them privileges? Show me a privilege. Only one" ("Nos acusan de violar derechos humanos de los terroristas. ¿Ahora dicen que les damos privilegios? Muéstrenme un privilegio. Uno solo"), posting images of gang members in cramped conditions during an April 2020 prison crackdown.[19] Some media outlets and Salvadoran voters alleged that, during election day, gang members were present outside of voting stations telling voters to "vote for the N".[20]

Throughout the 2021 election campaign, various opinion polls gave Nuevas Ideas significant leads over the other political parties, with some polls giving the party well over 60 percent support.[21] Nuevas Ideas formed an electoral coalition with GANA during the 2021 election, and both parties won a combined two-thirds of all votes cast in the election.[14] In total, Nuevas Ideas won 56 seats in the Legislative Assembly, 152 municipalities, and 14 seats in PARLACEN.[22][23][24]

XIII Legislature

The 13th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2021. Nuevas Ideas, already holding a majority in the legislature, formed a government with GANA, the Christian Democratic Party, and the National Coalition Party (PCN).[25] The government held 64 seats in the Legislative Assembly, which some described as a supermajority.[14][26][27][28] Ernesto Castro was elected by Nuevas Ideas and its allies as the president of the Legislative Assembly, with the remaining 20 deputies abstaining.[29]

On the same day the 13th legislative session began, the Nuevas Ideas-led government voted to remove five members of the Supreme Court of Justice's Constitutional Chamber on the basis that the judges had previously issued "arbitrary" decisions. The Legislative Assembly then voted to remove Attorney General Raúl Melara.[30] The judges and attorney general were replaced by supporters of Bukele the following day.[28][31] The event was described by opposition politicians as a coup, a self-coup, and a power grab.[28][30][32][33]

In June 2021, the Legislative Assembly passed a law to make bitcoin legal tender;[34] the law went into effect on 7 September 2021.[35] In October 2021, Bukele and Nuevas Ideas accused two of its deputies in the Legislative Assembly of negotiating with the United States embassy in San Salvador to fracture Nuevas Ideas and oppose Bukele's political agenda.[36] The embassy and both deputies denied the allegations, but both deputies were expelled from the party regardless.[37][38] On 27 March 2022, following a significant spike in homicides in the prior three days, the Legislative Assembly voted to declare a state of exception for thirty days.[39] The state of exception, which has led to a large-scale gang crackdown, has since been extended seventeen times[40] and has resulted in 68,579 arrests and up to 152 deaths in custody as of 16 May 2023.[41] In October 2022, the Nuevas Ideas-led Legislative Assembly passed the Special Law for the Exercise of Suffrage Abroad which allowed Salvadorans living outside of the country to vote in the 2024 elections for the presidency and the Legislative Assembly.[42]

In December 2022, Bukele tweeted that he believed that the country's 262 municipalities should be reduced to 50.[43] In February 2023, Castro not only confirmed that Nuevas Ideas was formally investigating municipal consolidation but also that they were looking into reducing the seats in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 64.[44] On 7 June 2023, the Nuevas Ideas-led Legislative Assembly approved a proposal submitted by Bukele to reduce the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 60. Opposition figures claimed that the reduction was an attempt to consolidate power for Nuevas Ideas in the legislature and diminish the political participation of smaller political parties.[45][46] On 13 June 2023, the Legislative Assembly approved a proposal submitted by Bukele to reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44. Deputies of Nuevas Ideas argued that the reductions would "generate a more equitable distribution of wealth", improve the quality of life for people in each municipality, and save the government US$250 million per year. Meanwhile, opposition figures have described the reductions as a power grab, a concentration of power, and an attempt by Nuevas Ideas to give itself an electoral advantage.[47]

On 31 July 2023, Nuevas Ideas deputy Erick García resigned from the Legislative Assembly after allegations were made against him by Alejandro Muyshondt, a presidential national security advisor, that he was involved in drug trafficking operations linked to MS-13. Muyshondt presented images of García's staffers allegedly making gang signs and alleged screenshots of García's instant messaging conversations which include images of packaged marijuana. García denied having any affiliation with gangs,[48] and that same day, Nuevas Ideas opened an investigation into the allegations made by Muyshondt.[49] On 9 August 2023, García was expelled from Nuevas Ideas, and the party opened an investigation into his replacement on the Legislative Assembly, Nidia Turcios.[50] On 16 August 2023, García was officially expelled from the Legislative Assembly,[51] and the following day, both him and Turcios were arrested by the National Civil Police.[52] Turcios was also expelled from Nuevas Ideas.[53]

The party's deputies in PARLACEN are affiliated with the Center-Democratic Integration Group (GPICD). Carlos René Hernández Castillo, a member of Nuevas Ideas, serves as the GPICD's leader.[54][55]

2024 general election

On 3 September 2021, the Supreme Court judges who were appointed by Nuevas Ideas in May 2021 ruled that the president of El Salvador is elegible to run for re-election consecutively, making Bukele eligible to run for re-election in the 2024 general election.[56][57] On 15 September 2022, Bukele officially announced that he was seeking re-election in 2024; his announcement was criticized by various lawyers, politicians, and journalists who argued that consecutive re-election violated the country's constitution.[58] On 25 June 2023, Bukele officially registered himself as a Nuevas Ideas pre-candidate for the presidency. At the same time, Vice President Félix Ulloa registered as the party's pre-candidate for the vice presidency.[59] On 9 July 2023, Bukele and Ulloa were officially confirmed to be the party's presidential and vice presidential candidate, respectively,[60] receiving 44,398 votes.[61]

The party originally scheduled to hold its primary elections on 2 July 2023, but after the reductions of municipalities and legislative seats was approved in June 2023, the party postponed its primary elections to 9 July 2023.[62] In December 2022, Castro stated that Nuevas Ideas aimed to win 70 seats in the Legislative Assembly,[63] but after the reduction of both seats in the Legislative Assembly and number of municipalities, Castro stated that the party aimed to win all 60 seats on the legislature and all 44 municipalities;[64] Castro's revised projections were criticized by opposition politicians.[65] During the primaries, Nuevas Ideas members voted to select the party's candidates for president, vice president, 60 deputies to the Legislative Assembly,[66] 44 mayors,[67] and 20 deputies to PARLACEN.[68]

Prior to the primaries, some members of Nuevas Ideas claimed that there were "irregularities" ("irregularidades") present in the party's primary elections. They criticized that the party was presenting single-candidate primaries and promoting Bukele's family members for municipal races.[69] On 1 July 2023, the party's National Electoral Commission announced that it would open an internal investigation process to guarantee that the party's statutes and regulations were followed and that those who attempted to manipulate the electoral process would be punished and turned over to the country's legal system.[70] On 31 July 2023, Nuevas Ideas suspended the legislative candidacy of Rebeca Santos after videos surfaced allegedly showing Santos' staffers soliciting party members for codes to vote in her favor.[71] After Santos' candidacy was canceled and García resigned from the Legislative Assembly, both of their candidacies were replaced by Sandra Martínez and Norma Lobo, both incumbent deputies who failed to receive enough votes during the primaries.[72]

In June 2023, some Nuevas Ideas politicians began to promote their electoral campaigns prior to the beginning of the official campaigning period outlined by the TSE for October 2023 to February 2024. Politicians posted images and messages on Twitter and purchased online advertising through Google Ads. Ruth Eleonora López, the chief of Cristosal's anti-corruption committee, criticized their campaigns as illegal, stating that they violated article 172 of the country's electoral code.[73]

Ideology
A standing man (Nayib Bukele), wearing a suit and a presidential sash, facing the viewer.
Nayib Bukele, the party's founder and leader.

In its party statutes, Nuevas Ideas describes itself as "democratic, decentralized, plural, inclusive, [and] without obsolete ideologies" ("democrático, descentralizado, plural, inclusivo, [y] sin ideologías obsoletas"). It also claims to fight for the rights of all citizens.[74] Nuevas Ideas rejects both left and right-wing labels.[75][76][77] Nuevas Ideas is a big tent political party,[78][79][80][81] and Bukele portrays the party as a Third Way.[82][83] Although the party has described itself as being progressive,[84] it has also been described as being conservative[85] and center-right.[86] Bukele himself has also been described as a conservative politician,[87][88] while he and his policies have been supported by conservatives abroad, particularly those from the United States[89][90][91] and Latin America.[89][92]

Before the party gained political representation, Nuevas Ideas sought to disrupt what it perceived as the political status quo. The party's primary platform is combatting corruption, clientelism, and cronyism;[93] a common phrase reiterated by Bukele and by Nuevas Ideas is "money is enough when nobody steals" ("el dinero alcanza cuando nadie roba").[94][95] Nuevas Ideas does not have any definite geopolitical positions regarding favoring relations with the United States or China.[87] The party supports the reunification of Central America.[77]

Nuevas Ideas has been described as a grassroots and populist political party.[96][97] The party utilizes social media—among them, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok—to communicate with and contact the public,[93] spread pro-government and anti-opposition propaganda, and rally support among young voters.[87][98]

Nuevas Ideas has been described as being Bukelist, adhering to Bukele's political ideology and agenda.[84][99][100][101] According to Anna-Catherine Brigida and Mary Beth Sheridan of The Washington Post, the party is "based more on his [Bukele's] image and performance than on a traditional political ideology".[14] Jonathan Blitzer of The New Yorker stated that Nuevas Ideas government officials, which he described as a "mixture of true believers and opportunists", are united in their loyalty to Bukele. He added that a senior United States official remarked that "Bukele is the Party".[102] Óscar Picardo Joao of El Faro described Nuevas Ideas as a "cult of Bukele's personality" ("culto a la personalidad de Bukele"), adding that "[Bukele] is the center of everything, and everything starts from him and revolves around his agenda" ("[Bukele] es el centro de todo, y todo parte de él y gira en torno a su agenda").[87]

Symbols
The "N" logo on a curb.

Nuevas Ideas' primary color is cyan, specifically process cyan, and its secondary color is white. The party officially renders its name Nuevas Ideas in all caps in the Kollektif Bold font. Its logo is a capital letter N, also in the Kollektif Bold font.[74] The party's "N" logo has been sometimes referred to as "the N of Nayib" ("la N de Nayib") or simply "the N" ("la N").[103][104] During Bukele's 2019 presidential campaign, Nuevas Ideas also used a logo consisting of the white silhouette of a swallow; the white swallow was the logo of GANA at the time.[103]

Party leadership

Although Bukele is the founder and leader of Nuevas Ideas,[105] he does not hold an official position within Nuevas Ideas. The party's leadership structure consists of the presidency, the national council, and the national convention. The presidency holds political, executive, and administrative authority and exerts supervision over party affairs to achieve the party's goals; the national council defines the party's political strategy and ensures organizational functionality; the national convention ensures that all of the party's bodies, leaders, and members abide by its resolutions and agreements. In addition to the party's national leadership structure, Nuevas Ideas has smaller bodies and structures at the country's departmental and municipal levels.[106]

Federico Gerardo Anliker López, a close friend of Bukele, was the party's first president (then known as the secretary-general), serving from 2018 to 2020.[107][108] In March 2020, Anliker was succeeded as the party's president by Xavier Zablah, a cousin of Bukele. Zablah won the party's internal election with 31,476 votes, defeating Isabel Monje's 3,806 votes and Israel Juárez's 868 votes.[109]

Nuevas Ideas' headquarters is located at 21-A. Col. Miramonte on Bernal Avenue and Las Oscuranas Street in San Salvador, the country's capital city.[110] As of 2019, the party has 507,633 members.[111]

Influence abroad

Nuevas Ideas has offices located in Guatemala and Honduras.[112] In July 2021, Guatemalan lawyer José Luis Araneda Cintrón established a political party bearing Nuevas Ideas' which used its same cyan logo, beginning the process of registering the party with Guatemala's Supreme Electoral Court. Nuevas Ideas denied any association with the Guatemalan political party, and spokesman José Navarro told El Faro that "Nuevas Ideas is only here in El Salvador".[113]

In 2018, the party established Nuevas Ideas USA, a branch of the party to rally support among Salvadorans living in the United States. Nuevas Ideas USA was coordinated by Luis Reyes from its formation until its dissolution in 2020 when it splintered into five groups based in California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Washington, D.C.[114] Prior to the 2024 election, various deputies of the Legislative Assembly from Nuevas Ideas held campaign events in the United States to promote Bukele's re-election campaign. Events have been held in Houston,[115] Los Angeles,[116] New York City,[117] Uniondale,[118] and Washington, D.C.[119]

Electoral history

Presidential elections
Election Candidate First round Second round Result Ref.
Votes  % Votes  %
2019 Supported Nayib Bukele[lower-alpha 1] 1,434,856
53.10%
 — Elected Green tickY [120]
2024 Nayib Bukele To be determined [60]

Legislative Assembly elections
Election Votes  % Position Seats +/– Status in legislature Ref.
2018 Not registered Extraparliamentary opposition [7]
2021 1,655,219 66.32 Increase 1st
56 / 84
 New Supermajority government [22]
2024 To be determined [66]

Municipal elections
Election Votes  % Position Municipalities +/– Ref.
2018 Not registered [7]
2021 1,342,968 50.78 Increase 1st
152 / 262
 New [23]
2024 To be determined [67]

PARLACEN elections
Election Votes  % Position Seats[lower-alpha 2] +/– Ref.
2018 Not registered [7]
2021 1,693,551 68.11 Increase 1st
14 / 20
 New [24]
2024 To be determined [68]

See also

Notes
  1. In the 2019 election, Bukele ran for president with GANA, as Nuevas Ideas had not yet been registered as a political party by the TSE.
  2. El Salvador is allocated 20 of the 120 seats in the Central American Parliament.

References
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  2. "Bukele Buscará la Presidencia en 2019" [Bukele Will Seek the Presidency in 2019]. Contra Punto (in Spanish). 16 October 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  3. "Bukele Lanza el Movimiento "Nuevas Ideas"" [Bukele Begins the "Nuevas Ideas" Movement]. Contra Punto (in Spanish). 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  4. "Lectores Ven Viable un Nuevo Partido Liderado por Bukele" [Lectors See a New Party Led by Bukele as Viable]. Contra Punta (in Spanish). 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
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  27. Webber, Jude (2 May 2021). "El Salvador's President Seizes Control of Top Court with Firing of Judges". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
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  29. Velásquez, Eugenia (1 May 2021). "Ernesto Castro Será el Nuevo Presidente de la Asamblea para los Tres Años de la Legislatura" [Ernesto Castro Will Be the New President of the Assembly for the Legislature's Three Years]. El Diario de Hoy (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  30. "Crisis Brewing as El Salvador's Congress Votes Out Top Judges". Al Jazeera. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
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  34. Renteria, Nelson; Esposito, Anthony (24 June 2021). Schmollinger, Christian (ed.). "Bitcoin to Become Legal Tender in El Salvador on Sept 7". Reuters. San Salvador, El Salvador. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
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