ORP Rybitwa

ORP Rybitwa was a Jaskółka-class minesweeper of the Polish Navy at the outset of World War II. Rybitwa participated in the defence of Poland during the Nazi German invasion of 1939. The ship was damaged by a German bomb on 14 September 1939. The ship was later captured by the Germans, but returned to serve under the Polish flag after the War.

History
Poland
NameORP Rybitwa
Namesakerybitwa, Polish word for "tern"
BuilderPaństwowa Stocznia Modlińska, Modlin
Laid downMay 1933
LaunchedApril 1935
CommissionedDecember 1935
Stricken1972
FateScrapped 1972
General characteristics
Class and typeJaskółka-class minesweeper
Displacement183 t standard
Length45.0 m (147 ft 8 in)
Beam5.5 m (18 ft 1 in)
Propulsion2 × diesel engines, 1,050 hp (780 kW) total
Speed17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph)
Armament
  • 1 × 75 mm
  • 2 × 7.92 mm machine guns
  • 20 mines or 20 depth charges

History

Construction

Rybitwa was constructed in the riverine dockyard in Modlin between 1933 and 1935. The first commander of the ship was Lieutenant Commander Jerzy Kossakowski. The ship was named after the bird tern, "Rybitwa" in Polish.[1]

Service

Lieutenant Commander Kazimierz Miładowski was the captain of the ship during the September campaign.[2] On 26 or 27 August Rybitwa, which together with two other Polish ships had been stationed in Riga, Latvia, left for Gdynia, along with ORP Czajka on full combat alert. After arriving in Gdynia she conducted reconnaissance operations in Gdańsk Bay, between the Free City of Danzig and the East Prussian coast. On 1 September 1939, after the outbreak of the Second World War, Rybitwa and all other 5 minesweepers of her class joined with the minelayer Gryf and took part in the Operation Rurka, an attempt to mine the entrances of the Gdańsk Bay.[3]

Polish ports of Gdynia, Hel and Jastarnia in 1939

The Polish flotilla, which included the destroyer Wicher and two gunboats, was attacked by a large formation of German bombers. Rybitwa's sister ship, Mewa, was hit. Despite the great risk involved, the captain of Rybitwa, Miładowski, made the decision to tow Mewa into port; the operation was a success.[4][5][6][7] In the next few weeks, the ship was based at the port of Jastarnia and conducted patrols and mine laying operations at night, while defending the Hel peninsula during the day. On 19 September, Rybitwa was damaged by bombs while still in port - most of the crew were not onboard at the time. In order to prevent capture by German troops, the ship was scuttled soon after.[4] The Polish defense of Hel peninsula lasted until 2 October.[8] The Germans refloated the ship, renamed her Rixhöft and commissioned her into the Kriegsmarine.[9] After the end of World War II the Polish naval mission in Germany found Rybitwa together with three of her sister ships in Travemünde. The Polish flag was raised again and her original name was restored. Though under British supervision, the German crew purposely destroyed much of their equipment but Polish sailors managed to make the ships seaworthy again and the ships returned to Poland.[10]

Rybitwa served in various roles up to 1972 when she was finally decommissioned and scrapped.[11]

Rybitwa, along with other Polish ships of the Jaskółka class, is mentioned in the Günter Grass novella Cat and Mouse.[12]

References
  1. "ORP Rybitwa (R) - Minesweeper of the Jaskolka class - Allied Warships of WWII". uboat.net. 1939-09-03. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  2. Polish Navy Homepage, Ordre de bataille of the Polish Navy on 31 VIII 1939
  3. "ORP Gryf - Minelayer of the Gryf class - Allied Warships of WWII". uboat.net. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  4. Kozmice Male, website, "Stanisław Tatara - wspomnienia z września 1939 roku" (Recollections of Stanislaw Tatar from September 1939". Retrieved July 14, 2010.
  5. "ORP Mewa". Zgapa.pl. 2005-06-05. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  6. "Wielka Encyklopedia Uzbrojenia M.S.Wojsk. 1918 - 1939". Weu1918-1939.pl. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  7. "Naval Events, 15–30 September 1939". Naval-history.net. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  8. Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 648. ISBN 0-313-26007-9.
  9. Warships of World War II, OPR Rybitwa - Warships 1900-1950[Usurped!]. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
  10. Former Naval Person. "Polish navy". Ww2.debello.ca. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  11. "ORP "Rybitwa"" (in Polish). Wp39.pl. 2007-09-16. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  12. Günter Grass, Cat and Mouse, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1991, p. 38 ISBN 0-15-615551-6
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