Oda Nobukatsu

Oda Nobukatsu (織田 信雄, 1558 – June 10, 1630) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. He was the second son of Oda Nobunaga. He survived the decline of the Oda clan from political prominence, becoming a daimyō in the early Edo period. Though often described as an incompetent general, Nobukatsu was a skilled warrior. In the battle of Komaki and Nagakute, he used a 13th-century tachi of the Fukuoka Ichimonji school, to slay a samurai known as Okada Sukesaburō, therefore the blade was known as "Okada-giri Yoshifusa", now a national treasure.

This article is about Nobunaga's son Nobukatsu (信雄). For his uncle Nobukatsu (信勝), see Oda Nobuyuki.
Oda Nobukatsu
織田 信雄
Daimyō of Uda-Matsuyama
In office
1615–1630
Preceded byFukushima Takaharu
Succeeded byOda Takanaga
Personal details
Born1558
DiedJune 10, 1630(1630-06-10) (aged 71–72)
NationalityJapanese
SpouseKitabatake Tomonori's daughter
Parents
Military service
Allegiance Oda clan
Toyotomi clan
Tokugawa clan
Tokugawa shogunate
UnitKitabatake clan
Battles/warsTenshō Iga War
Battle of Shizugatake
Battle of Komaki and Nagakute
Siege of Odawara
Korean Campaign
Siege of Osaka
This article is about Nobukatsu (信雄), the son of Oda Nobunaga. For Nobukatsu (信勝), the brother of Nobunaga, see Oda Nobuyuki.
In this Japanese name, the surname is Oda.

Biography

In 1570, Nobukatsu became an adopted heir of the Kitabatake clan and married a daughter of the former lord of Kitabatake, Tomonori. The true nature of this marriage was a condition of truce forced by the Oda clan to the Kitabatake clan.

In 1575, Nobukatsu officially became the head of the family. The next year, he killed his father-in-law, imprisoned the previous lord, who was his father by adoption, and completely took over the Kitabatake clan.

In 1579, eager to achieve fame, Nobukatsu directed a first invasion of Iga, Iga Province, which only ended in disastrous failure and severe rebuke from his father.

Two years later in 1581, Nobunaga himself led the second invasion with an army of several ten thousand, destroyed the whole region and placing control of Iga province in Nobukatsu's hands.[1][2]

Death of Nobunaga

When Nobunaga and his heir, Nobutada, died at the Honnō-ji incident in 1582, problems arose about who would succeed the lordship of Oda clan. When Nobukatsu and his younger brother, Nobutaka, quarreled over the matter, a council decided on the infant son of Nobutada, Oda Hidenobu. The opinion of Toyotomi Hideyoshi was most influential on this decision.[3]

At this point, Nobukatsu changed his surname back to Oda. He succeeded his father as lord of Mino, Owari, and Ise Provinces.

Decline of Nobukatsu
A tachi Okadagiri Yoshifusa made in the Kamakura period. The name of this tachi comes from the fact that during the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584, Oda Nobuo used this sword to kill Okada Shigetaka, his retainer who was suspected of being a traitor. National Treasure

In 1583, during the succeeding chaotic years, Nobukatsu joined with Hideyoshi to destroy Oda Nobutaka.[3]: 313  However, soon their relationship became hostile too, and Nobukatsu allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu to fight Hideyoshi in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584. After more than a half year of battles, Hideyoshi persuaded Nobukatsu to make peace, offering him the security of the dominion. Nobukatsu took this offer and practically became a retainer of Hideyoshi.

Later in 1590, when he served at the Odawara Campaign, he refused to accept Hideyoshi's order to change his dominion, and later he not only lost his original domain but was also forced to become a monk under the supervision of some Toyotomi retainers. A few years later, Hideyoshi's anger eased and Nobukatsu regained some land to rule.

In 1598, he became the guardian of Toyotomi Hideyori after Hideyoshi's death.

However in 1615, he betrayed the Toyotomi clan at the Siege of Osaka, and surrendered to Tokugawa Ieyasu. As a result, he was permitted to remain a daimyō by the Tokugawa shogunate. Though he is often described as an incompetent general, he managed to survive the series of upheavals. After the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, he became the lord of the Uda-Matsuyama Domain in Yamato Province (modern-day Nara Prefecture), and comfortably lived the rest of his life.

Family
  • Father: Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582)
  • Adopted Father: Kitabatake Tomonori
  • Brothers:
    • Oda Nobutada (1557–1582)
    • Oda Nobutaka (1558–1583)
    • Hashiba Hidekatsu (1567–1585)
    • Oda Katsunaga (1568–1582)
    • Oda Nobuhide (1571–1597)
    • Oda Nobutaka (1576–1602)
    • Oda Nobuyoshi (1573–1615)
    • Oda Nobusada (1574–1624)
    • Oda Nobuyoshi (died 1609)
    • Oda Nagatsugu (died 1600)
    • Oda Nobumasa (1554–1647)
  • Sisters:
    • Tokuhime (1559–1636)
    • Fuyuhime (1561–1641)
    • Hideko (died 1632)
    • Eihime (1574–1623)
    • Hōonin
    • Sannomarudono(died 1603)
    • Tsuruhime
  • Children:
    • Oda Hidekatsu
    • O-hime (1585-1591), married Tokugawa Hidetada
    • Okani
    • Oda Takao
    • Oda Nobuyoshi (1584-1626)
    • Oda Takanaga (1590-1674)
    • Oda Nobutame (died 1666)
    • Oda Yoshio (died 1651)
    • Oda Nagao
    • Gyokuyūin (Yae-hime, wife of Hjikata Katsutaka)


See also

References
  1. Ōta (2011), p. 413-415
  2. Nishigaki, Matsushima (1975), p. 104
  3. Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 311. ISBN 0804705259.
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