Cape Henry Lighthouses

The Cape Henry Lighthouses are a pair of lighthouses at Cape Henry, the landform marking the southern entrance to Chesapeake Bay in the U.S. state of Virginia. The location has long been important for the large amount of ocean-going shipping traffic for the harbors, its rivers, and shipping headed to ports on the bay. The original lighthouse was the first authorized by the U.S. government, dating from 1792. It was also the first federal construction project under the Constitution, for an original contract amount of $15,200 (an additional $2,500 was required to finish the lighthouse). A second lighthouse was built and completed in 1881 a short distance away after concern arose about the stability of the first. Both towers of the light station were designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

Cape Henry Lighthouse
The new and old lighthouses at Cape Henry
Cape Henry Lighthouses is located in Virginia
Cape Henry Lighthouses
Cape Henry Lighthouses is located in the United States
Cape Henry Lighthouses
LocationVirginia Beach, Virginia
Coordinates36°55′32″N 76°0′30″W
BuiltOld Lighthouse, 1792; New lighthouse, 1881
ArchitectFederal Government
MPSLight Stations of the United States MPS
NRHP reference No.66000910, 02001439
VLR No.134-0007, 134-0079
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966, December 2, 2002[1]
Designated NHLApril 15, 1970[2]
Designated VLRSeptember 9, 1969, September 10, 2003[3]

History

The first work of the new U.S. Federal government, the first Cape Henry lighthouse was built of Aquia and Rappahannock sandstone by John McComb Jr. and was completed in October, 1792. McComb was one of the architects involved in the construction of New York City Hall and would go on to design other lighthouses. The lighthouse's design was based on the 1767 Cape Henlopen Light.[4] The lighthouse was damaged by Confederate forces during the American Civil War, but was repaired by Union forces in 1863, who depended on the light for navigation.[5] In the 1870s, concerns about the condition and safety of the old Lighthouse at Cape Henry following a lightning strike that caused large cracks in the structure led to the construction of a new, taller, lighthouse at Cape Henry (pictured to the right) in 1881, which stands 350 feet to the northeast of the original tower.[6] The old tower remained standing, used as a daymark and as a basis for triangulation. The lighthouse was fully automated in 1983 and remains in use today.[7][8]

Description

In 1798, Benjamin Latrobe visited Cape Henry Lighthouse and described it as "an octangular truncated pyramid of eight sides, rising 90 feet to the light..."[9] The Old Cape Henry Lighthouse is 26 feet in diameter at its base, and 16 feet at its top.[8] It was built with Aquia Creek sandstone from the same source as the White House.[10]

The new lighthouse, 157 feet (48 m) tall, was built of cast iron and wrought iron, with a more powerful first-order Fresnel lens.[4] It is the only lighthouse on the Virginia coast that is still equipped with a first-order Fresnel lens.

Preservation

The older lighthouse was acquired in 1930 by Preservation Virginia (formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities). A brick lining and an iron stairway have been added to the interior. The lighthouse is open to the public and a fine view can be enjoyed from its observation platform. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 29, 1964. In 2002 the American Society of Civil Engineers designated the lighthouse a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.[5][8]

The lighthouses are located in the city of Virginia Beach within the boundaries of Joint Expeditionary Base East, a Navy base. The Cape Henry Memorial is adjacent to the lighthouses.[5]

  • First tower in 1995 (NPS)
    First tower in 1995 (NPS)
  • Second tower, modern photo
    Second tower, modern photo
  • Second tower, U.S. Coast Guard Archive
    Second tower, U.S. Coast Guard Archive
  • The first Cape Henry Lighthouse, erected 1792, in 2017
    The first Cape Henry Lighthouse, erected 1792, in 2017
  • The second Cape Henry Lighthouse, erected 1881, in 2017
    The second Cape Henry Lighthouse, erected 1881, in 2017
  • Both Lighthouses in 2017
    Both Lighthouses in 2017

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "Cape Henry Lighthouse". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
  3. "Virginia Landmarks Register". Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  4. Wilson, Richard Guy, ed. (2002). The Buildings of Virginia:Tidewater and Piedmont. Oxford University Press. p. 455. ISBN 0-19-515206-9.
  5. "Cape Henry Lighthouse". Preservation Virginia. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
  6. "Old Cape Henry Lighthouse, Virginia at Lighthousefriends.com". Archived from the original on May 7, 2006. Retrieved May 13, 2006.
  7. Catherine E. Dean, "The Old Cape Henry Lighthouse", 2006, APVA Preservation Virginia, ISBN 1-891468-48-0
  8. Sheely, Horace J. (1963). "Old Cape Henry Lighthouse National Historic Landmark Study Designated January 29, 1964". Maritime Landmarks: Light Stations. National Park Service. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
  9. Lighthouse Friends Old Cape Henry description Archived May 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  10. Preserving Virginia 1889-1989: Centennial Pictorial. Virginia: The Art Band. 1989. p. 10.
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