Order of the Sacred Treasure

The Order of the Sacred Treasure (瑞宝章, Zuihō-shō) is a Japanese order, established on 4 January 1888 by Emperor Meiji as the Order of Meiji. Originally awarded in eight classes (from 8th to 1st, in ascending order of importance), since 2003 it has been awarded in six classes, the lowest two medals being abolished that year. Originally a male-only decoration, the order has been made available to women since 1919.

Order of the Sacred Treasure
瑞宝章
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class)
Awarded by the Emperor of Japan
TypeOrder
Awarded forLong-term contribution to public service or to a non-public service equivalent to public service.
StatusCurrently constituted
SovereignHM The Emperor
Grades1st through 8th Class (1888–2003)
Since 2003:
Grand Cordon
Gold and Silver Star (Rays, Principal Grade)
Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (Cordon, Middle Grade)
Gold Rays with Rosette (Cordon, Junior Grade)
Gold and Silver Rays (Double Rays)
Silver Rays (Single Ray)
Precedence
Next (higher)Order of the Paulownia Flowers
EquivalentOrder of the Rising Sun
Order of the Precious Crown

Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure – new type

The Order of the Sacred Treasure, which had 8 ranks until 2003, was awarded as a slightly lower rank than the Order of the Rising Sun for men and the Order of the Precious Crown for women. For example, the 1st class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure has been treated as between the 1st class and the 2nd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown, and the 2nd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure has been treated as between the 2nd class and the 3rd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown.[1]

Since 2003, the Order of the Sacred Treasure has been given the same rank as the Order of the Rising Sun.[1] The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded with an emphasis on achievements to the state, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded with an emphasis on long-term public service.[2] Since military achievements are not included in the criteria for awarding the Order of the Rising Sun, Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel are awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure for their long service in public service. For example, the Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, the highest rank in the JSDF, receives the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class).[3] The Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded to persons who have been engaged for many years in the public service of the national and local governments, or in the following non-public services that are equivalent to public service, and who have accumulated distinguished service.[2]

  • Work directly involved in education or research at school.
  • Work directly involved in social welfare at various facilities.
  • Work directly involved in medical care or health guidance
  • Work commissioned by the national or local governments, such as conciliation commissioners, volunteer probation officers, and welfare commissioners.
  • Work that is extremely dangerous.
  • Work in an extremely mentally or physically demanding environment.
  • Work in an obscure field other than those listed in the preceding items.

Since 2003, the number representing rank included in the official name of the order was removed. As a result, although numbers representing ranks were sometimes used in common names, the formal names such as 勲一等 (Kun-ittō, First Class) and 勲二等 (Kun-nitō, Second Class) were no longer used.[4]

Classes

The Order could be awarded in any of eight classes pre 2003. In 2003 the seventh and eighth classes were dissolved leaving six. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

"By the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial,

We confer the Second Class of the Imperial Order of Meiji upon Henry Waters Taft, a citizen of the United States of America and a director of the Japan Society of New York, and invest him with the insignia of the same class of the Order of the Double Rays of the Rising Sun, in expression of the good will which we entertain towards him.

"In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and caused the Grand Seal of State to be affixed at the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, this thirteenth day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Shōwa, corresponding to the 2,589th year from the accession to the throne of Emperor Jimmu."[5]

Insignia

The insignia of the order incorporates symbols for the three imperial treasures: the Yata Mirror, so sacred that not even the Emperor is allowed to look at it; the Yasakani Jewel, which is made of the finest jade; and the Emperor's personal sword.

The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is similar to the badge as described above, but effectively with two sets of Maltese crosses, one in gilt and one placed diagonally in silver. It is worn on the left chest by the Grand Cordon, on the right chest (without any other insignia) by the 2nd class.

The badge for the first through sixth classes is a Maltese cross, in gilt (1st–4th classes), gilt and silver (5th class) and silver (6th class), with white enameled rays (representing the sword). The central disc is blue, bearing an eight-pointed silver star (representing the mirror), surrounded by a wreath with red-enameled dots (representing the jewel). The badge is suspended on a ribbon, worn as a sash on the right shoulder by the Grand Cordon, as a necklet by males of the 2nd and 3rd classes, on the left chest (the ribbon folded into a triangle) by the 4th to 6th classes (with a rosette for the 4th class). For females of the 2nd to 6th classes, the ribbon is a bow worn on the left shoulder (with a rosette for the 4th class).

Until 2003, when it was abolished, the badge of the seventh and eighth classes was an eight-pointed silver medal, partially gilded for the 7th class, with representations of just the mirror and the jewel. The badge is suspended on a ribbon, worn by men on the left chest (the ribbon folded into a triangle). For women, the ribbon is a bow worn on the left shoulder.

Until 2003, the ribbon of the order was very pale blue with a gold stripe near the borders; since then the ribbon has been light blue, but retains the gold stripe near the borders. When the ribbon is worn alone, the ribbon for the Fourth Class and above incorporates a blue-and-gold rosette (very pale blue until 2003), with a solid gold bar for the Grand Cordon, a gold and silver bar for the Second Class, a solid silver bar for the Third Class and only the rosette for the Fourth Class. The ribbon for the Fifth and Sixth Classes has a centered blue disc (very pale blue until 2003) with gold rays radiating from its center, eight rays for the Fifth Class and six rays for the Sixth Class. Formerly, the ribbon for the Seventh and Eighth Classes had a centered very pale blue disc with gold rays radiating from its center, four rays for the Seventh Class and three rays for the Eighth Class.

  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class)
    Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class)
  • The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star (2nd class)
    The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star (2nd class)
  • The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (3rd class)
    The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (3rd class)
  • The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Rosette (4th class)
    The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Rosette (4th class)
  • The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Rays (5th class)
    The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Rays (5th class)
  • The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Silver Rays (6th class)
    The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Silver Rays (6th class)
  • 7th Class (Abolished in 2003)
    7th Class (Abolished in 2003)
  • 8th Class (Abolished in 2003)
    8th Class (Abolished in 2003)
Ribbons of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
1888–2003
 First Class
 Second Class
 Third Class
 Fourth Class
 Fifth Class
 Sixth Class
 Seventh Class
 Eighth Class
 General ribbon of the order
2003–present
 Grand Cordon
 Gold and Silver Star
 Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
 Gold Rays with Rosette
 Gold and Silver Rays
 Silver Rays
 General ribbon of the order

After the 2003 reform

In 2003 the lowest two classes of the Order were abolished. Moreover, the badges of the Order will from now on be suspended from three white-enamelled paulownia leaves.[6]

Selected recipients

1st class, Grand Cordon

2nd class, Gold and Silver Star

3rd class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon

Thomas Maxwell Hague (1921-2008), awarded 1992

4th class, Gold Rays with Rosette

5th class, Gold and Silver Rays

6th class, Silver Rays

7th class: abolished

While established with the original induction of the first six classes, the 7th Class has never been issued or given an official designation or design. Officially the medal and its designation were abolished in 2003; there are no known recipients or issuances of this medal in its original design, since 1887.

8th class: abolished

While established with the original induction of the first six classes, the 8th Class has never been issued or designated a design, like the 7th Class before it. Officially the medal and its designation were abolished in 2003; there are no known recipients or issuances of this medal in its original design since 1887.

General Class
  • Order of the Sacred Treasure
  • Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 3)
    Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 3)
  • Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 5)
    Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 5)
  • Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 6)
    Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 6)
  • Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure – old type
    Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure – old type

See also

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Sources
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  • Rossiter, Johnson, ed. (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, Vol. II. Boston: The Biographical Society....Click link for digitized, full text copy of this book
  • Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6

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