Orthokaryotes

The Orthokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith 2017) are a proposed Eukaryote clade consisting of the Jakobea and the Neokaryotes.[1] Together with its sister Discicristata it forms a basal Eukaryote clade. They are characterized by stacked Golgi, orthogonal centrioles, and two opposite posterior ciliary roots.

Orthokaryotes
Aulacantha, a Radiolarian
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Orthokaryotes
Clades

Taxonomy

A proposed cladogram is[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][1]

Eukaryota

Tsukubea

Discicristata

Euglenozoa

Percolozoa

Orthokaryotes

Jakobea

Neokaryotes
Corticata/Diaphoretickes/

Archaeplastida

Chromista

Hacrobia

SAR

Bikont
Scotokaryotes/Opimoda/Neozoa

Metamonada

Malawimonas

Sulcozoa/Podiata/

Planomonadida

Mantamonadida

Diphyllatea

Amorphea/

Amoebozoa

Obazoa

Breviata

Apusomonadida

Opisthokonta/Choanozoa

Unikont
Sarcomastigota

References
  1. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017-09-05). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN 0033-183X. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
  2. Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; Bäckström, Disa; Juzokaite, Lina; Vancaester, Emmelien; Seitz, Kiley W.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Starnawski, Piotr (2017-01-11). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity" (PDF). Nature. advance online publication (7637): 353–358. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..353Z. doi:10.1038/nature21031. ISSN 1476-4687. OSTI 1580084. PMID 28077874. S2CID 4458094.
  3. Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (2015-02-17). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693–E699. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.693D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1420657112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4343179. PMID 25646484.
  4. Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Snell, E. A.; Berney, C.; Fiore-Donno, A. M.; Lewis, R. (2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275.
  5. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010-06-23). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.
  6. He, Ding; Fiz-Palacios, Omar; Fu, Cheng-Jie; Fehling, Johanna; Tsai, Chun-Chieh; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2014). "An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Current Biology. 24 (4): 465–470. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036. PMID 24508168.
  7. Cavelier Smith (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
  8. Hug, Laura A.; Baker, Brett J.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Brown, Christopher T.; Probst, Alexander J.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Butterfield, Cristina N.; Hernsdorf, Alex W.; Amano, Yuki (2016-04-11). "A new view of the tree of life". Nature Microbiology. 1 (5): 16048. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48. ISSN 2058-5276. PMID 27572647.
  9. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016-06-01). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023. PMID 27001604.
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