Oryza nivara

Oryza nivara is a wild progenitor of the cultivated rice Oryza sativa.[2][3][4][5][6] It is found growing in swampy areas, at edge of pond and tanks, beside streams, in ditches, in or around rice fields. Grows in shallow water up to 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in), in seasonally dry and open habitats.[5]

Oryza nivara
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
(unranked):
Commelinids
Order:
Poales
Family:
Poaceae
Subfamily:
Oryzoideae
Genus:
Oryza
Species:
O. nivara
Binomial name
Oryza nivara
S.D.Sharma & Shastry

It is an annual, short to intermediate height (usually <2 metres (6 ft 7 in)) grass; panicles usually compact, rarely open; spikelets large, 6–10.4 millimetres (0.24–0.41 in) long and 1.9–3.4 millimetres (0.075–0.134 in) wide, with strong awn (4–10 centimetres (1.6–3.9 in) long); anthers 1.5–3 millimetres (0.059–0.118 in) long.

Distribution

Its distribution includes Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Genome

Recently, the genome of O. nivara was sequenced.[7]

Stein et al., 2018 sequence the genomes of O. nivara and other domesticated and wild relatives.[8] They produce reference assemblies and analyze for divergence time and genetic distance.[8] (The O. nivara assembly is 338Mb.) They demonstrate that species and Oryza sativa indica are most closely related and that the same is true for Oryza sativa japonica and Oryza rufipogon.[8]

References
  1. Phillips, J.; Yang, L.; Vaughan, D. (2017). "Oryza nivara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T112680564A113899490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T112680564A113899490.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. Choi, Jae Young; Platts, Adrian E.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Hsing, Yue-Ie; Wing, Rod A.; Purugganan, Michael D. (2017-01-12). "The rice paradox: Multiple origins but single domestication in Asian rice". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (4): 969–979. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx049. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5400379. PMID 28087768.
  3. Haritha, Guttikonda; Malathi, Surapaneni; Divya, Balakrishnan; Swamy, B. P. M.; Mangrauthia, S. K.; Sarla, Neelamraju (2018), Mondal, Tapan K.; Henry, Robert J. (eds.), "Oryza nivara Sharma et Shastry", The Wild Oryza Genomes, Compendium of Plant Genomes, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–238, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71997-9_20, ISBN 978-3-319-71997-9
  4. Gressel, Jonathan (2020-03-03). Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2913-7.
  5. Rana, M. K. (2014-06-01). Vegetables and their Allied as Protective Food. Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-93-86237-56-9.
  6. Driem, George Van (2011-01-01). "Lost In The Sands Of Time Somewhere North Of The Bay Of Bengal". Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: 11–38. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004194489.i-322.10. ISBN 9789004216532.
  7. Brozynska, Marta; Furtado, Agnelo; Henry, Robert J. (2015). "Genomics of crop wild relatives: expanding the gene pool for crop improvement". 14 (4). Association of Applied Biologists (aab) & Society for Experimental Biology (SEB): 1070–1085. doi:10.1111/pbi.12454. PMID 26311018. S2CID 3402991. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    This review cites this research.
    Zhang, QJ.; Zhu, T.; Xia, EH.; Shi, C.; Liu, YL.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, WK.; Zhao, YJ.; Mao, Shu-Yan; Zhang, Li-Ping; Huang, Hui; Jiao, Jun-Ying; Xu, Ping-Zhen; Yao, Qiu-Yang; Zeng, Fan-Chun; Yang, Li-Li; Gao, Ju; Tao, Da-Yun; Wang, Yue-Ju; Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.; Gao, Li-Zhi (Nov 2014). "Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (46): E4954–E4962. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418307111. PMC 4246335. PMID 25368197.
  8. Bailey-Serres, Julia; Parker, Jane E.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Oldroyd, Giles E. D.; Schroeder, Julian I. (2019). "Genetic strategies for improving crop yields". 575 (7781): 109–118. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1679-0. S2CID 207912531. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    Wing, Rod A.; Purugganan, Michael D.; Zhang, Qifa (2018). "The rice genome revolution: from an ancient grain to Green Super Rice". 19 (8): 505–517. doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0024-z. S2CID 216051436. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    These reviews cite this research.
    Stein, Joshua C.; Yu, Yeisoo; Copetti, Dario; Zwickl, Derrick J.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Chengjun; Chougule, Kapeel; Gao, Dongying; Iwata, Aiko; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Wei, Sharon; Wang, Jun; Liao, Yi; Wang, Muhua; Jacquemin, Julie; Becker, Claude; Kudrna, Dave; Zhang, Jianwei; Londono, Carlos E. M.; Song, Xiang; Lee, Seunghee; Sanchez, Paul; Zuccolo, Andrea; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Talag, Jayson; Danowitz, Ann; Rivera, Luis F.; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Noutsos, Christos; Wu, Cheng-chieh; Kao, Shu-min; Zeng, Jhih-wun; Wei, Fu-jin; Zhao, Qiang; Feng, Qi; El Baidouri, Moaine; Carpentier, Marie-Christine; Lasserre, Eric; Cooke, Richard; Rosa Farias, Daniel da; da Maia, Luciano Carlos; dos Santos, Railson S.; Nyberg, Kevin G.; McNally, Kenneth L.; Mauleon, Ramil; Alexandrov, Nickolai; Schmutz, Jeremy; Flowers, Dave; Fan, Chuanzhu; Weigel, Detlef; Jena, Kshirod K.; Wicker, Thomas; Chen, Mingsheng; Han, Bin; Henry, Robert; Hsing, Yue-ie C.; Kurata, Nori; de Oliveira, Antonio Costa; Panaud, Olivier; Jackson, Scott A.; Machado, Carlos A.; Sanderson, Michael J.; Long, Manyuan; Ware, Doreen; Wing, Rod A. (2018). "Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza". 50 (2): 285–296. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0. S2CID 4969249. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)


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