Osperleioceras

Osperleioceras; Temporal range:
	Fossil shell of Osperleioceras bicarinatum from St. Paul des Ponts (France), part of private collection
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Subclass:	†Ammonoidea
Order:	†Ammonitida
Family:	†Hildoceratidae
Subfamily:	†Harpoceratinae
Genus:	†Osperleioceras; Krimholtz in Krimholtz and Tazikhin, 1957
Type species
	Pseudolioceras beauliziense; Monestier, 1921
Subgenera
	Osperleioceras (Osperleioceras) Krimholtz, 1957; Osperleioceras (Pseudopolyplectus) Mattéi, 1969;
Synonyms
	Pseudopolyplectus Mattei, 1969; Osperlioceras Guex, 1972;

Osperleioceras is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the family Hildoceratidae. These cephalopods existed in the Jurassic period, during Toarcian stage. Its fossils were found in Europe and South America. First species of this genus, Osperleioceras bicarinatum has evolved in what is now France from Harpoceras subplanatum.[1][2]

Description

Genus is similar to Harpoceras, but it is more involute and its whorl section is more triangular. Greatest width is near umbilicus. Flat whorl sides are converging to a flat narrow venter. It has strong keel, but there might be also slight ventro-lateral keels. Falcoid ribs are strongly projecting near venter. Suture line is highly incised, ornate and has many auxiliary saddles.[1]

Systematic

Systematic of this genera is not stable and some different opinions can be found in the literature. These differences arose around the status of genus Pseudopolyplectus Mattei, 1969. Sometimes, this genus is considered to be separate.[3] Other times, this genus is considered tu be just a subgenus of Osperleioceras.[4] The last opinion on the status of Pseudopolyplectus is, that this is a synonym of Osperleioceras.[1][5] Differences among supposed subgenera are described below, but as some species have not been mentioned by authors considering validity of genus/subgenus Pseudopolyplectus as valid, in the list of species is this division avoided.

Osperleioceras (Osperleioceras)

This subgenus is characterized by preserving its ancestral sigmoid ribbing, which is very sparse through at least most of its ontogeny. Type species is Pseudolioceras beauliziense (= Osperleioceras (Osperleioceras) beauliziense). Other species include O. (O.) rivierense, O. (O.) reynesi, O. (O.) authelini and O. (O.) subcostulatum.[4]

Osperleioceras (Pseudopolyplectus)

Juvenile stage of O. (Pseudopolyplectus) is sparsely ribbed by sigmoid ribs. At about 15 mm diameter, ribs are becoming fine and tight. As a type species has been chosen Ammonites bicarinatum (= Osperleioceras (Pseudopolyplectus) bicarinatum). Other members are O. (P.) loeve and O. (P.) subtile.[4] To genus Pseudopolyplectus has been also added species P. nadorense, P. subexaratus, P. rivierense and P. reynesi,[3] which can then be considered members of this subgenus. But last 2 are in other literature mentioned as part of O. (Osperleioceras).[4]

List of species

The following list of species might be incomplete:

O. alternans Monestier, 1921 (= Harpoceras wunstorfi var. alternans)
O. authelini Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras Authelini, Pseudogrammoceras authelini)
O. beauliziense Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras beauliziense)
O. bicarinatum Zieten, 1831 (= Ammonites bicarinatus, Harpoceras bicarinatum, Polyplectus bicarinatus)
O. carezi Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras carezi)
O. holzapfeli Schirardin, 1909 (= Pseudolioceras holzapfeli )
O. lapparenti Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras lapparenti)
O. loeve Gabilly, 1976 (= Esericeras? loeve, Harpoceras loeve)
O. nadorense Elmi (= Pseudopolyplectus nadorense)
O. pervinquieri Monestier, 1921 (= Harpoceras pervinquieri)
O. reynesi Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras reynesi, Pseudogrammoceras reynesi, Pseudopolyplectus reynesi)
O. rivierense Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras rivierense)
O. seidlitzi Schirardin, 1909 (= Lioceras seidlitzi)
O. subcostulatum Monestier, 1921 (= Harpoceras wunstorfi var. subcostulata, Pseudopolyplectus wunstorfi var. subcostulata)
O. subexaratus Mattei (= Pseudopolyplectus subexaratus)
O. subtile Schirardin, 1914 (= Harpoceras subtile)
O. suessi Monestier, 1921 (= Pseudolioceras suessi)
O. wunstorfi Monestier, 1921 (= Harpoceras wunstorfi, Pseudopolyplectus wunstorfi)

References

M. K. Howarth 2013. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Revised, Volume 3B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eoderoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea.
M. K. Howarth 1992. HILDOCERATIDAE IN THE LOWER JURASSIC OF BRITAIN
GUEZZEN, Halima. BIODIVERSITE COMPAREE ET BIOGEOGRAPHIE QUANTITATIVE DES AMMONITES DE LA TETHYS OCCIDENTALE AU COURS DU TOARCIEN. 2011. PhD Thesis.
BÉCAUD, Marc. Les Harpoceratinae, Hildoceratinae et Paroniceratinae du Toarcien de la Vendée et des Deux-Sèvres (France). Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 2006.
GALÁCZ, András; GÉCZY, Barnabás; VÖRÖS, Attila. Toarcian and Aalenian (Jurassic) ammonites and brachiopods from Monte Kumeta, Western Sicily. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 2007, 245.3: 341-352.

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[Howarth2013-1] M. K. Howarth 2013. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Revised, Volume 3B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eoderoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea.

[Howarth1992-2] M. K. Howarth 1992. HILDOCERATIDAE IN THE LOWER JURASSIC OF BRITAIN

[Guezzen2011-3] GUEZZEN, Halima. BIODIVERSITE COMPAREE ET BIOGEOGRAPHIE QUANTITATIVE DES AMMONITES DE LA TETHYS OCCIDENTALE AU COURS DU TOARCIEN. 2011. PhD Thesis.

[Becaud2006-4] BÉCAUD, Marc. Les Harpoceratinae, Hildoceratinae et Paroniceratinae du Toarcien de la Vendée et des Deux-Sèvres (France). Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 2006.

[Galacz2007-5] GALÁCZ, András; GÉCZY, Barnabás; VÖRÖS, Attila. Toarcian and Aalenian (Jurassic) ammonites and brachiopods from Monte Kumeta, Western Sicily. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 2007, 245.3: 341-352.