Osram

OSRAM Licht AG is a German company that makes electric lights, headquartered in Munich and Premstätten (Austria). OSRAM positions itself as a high-tech photonics company that is increasingly focusing on sensor technology, visualization and treatment by light.[3] The company serves customers in the consumer, automotive, healthcare and industrial technology sectors.[4] The operating company of OSRAM is OSRAM GmbH.

OSRAM Licht AG
TypeAktiengesellschaft
ISINDE000LED4000 Edit this on Wikidata
IndustrySemiconductor / Photonics
PredecessorAuergesellschaft Edit this on Wikidata
FoundedJuly 1, 1919 (1919-07-01) (Berlin[1])
HeadquartersMunich, Germany
Parentams AG (80,3%)[2] (2020–present)
Subsidiaries
Websiteams-osram.com osram.com

Osram was founded in 1919 by the merger of the lighting businesses of Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske and Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG). Osram was a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens AG from 1978 to 2013. On 5 July 2013, Osram was spun off from Siemens, and the listing of its stock began on Frankfurt Stock Exchange on 8 July 2013.[5] Osram's business with conventional light sources was spun off in 2016 under the name Ledvance and sold to a Chinese consortium.[6] After a bidding war[7] with Bain Capital, Osram was taken over by Austrian company AMS in July 2020.[8][9][10] Since then, the company has operated under the name AMS Osram.[11]

The name is derived from osmium and Wolfram (German for tungsten, also used in English). Both elements were commonly used for lighting filaments at the time the company was founded.

History
Osram lamp of 1910, high candlepower type
bilingual bond of the Osram company, issued 2 December 1925[12]
OSRAM in Markham, Ontario

In 1906, the Osram incandescent lamp was developed by Carl Auer von Welsbach. The brand name of Osram was first used in 1906 and registered by the Deutsche Gasglühlicht-Anstalt (also known as Auer-Gesellschaft).[13] The British General Electric Company imported Osram filaments for their own production of light bulbs. In 1919, Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske and Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) combined their electric-lamp production with the formation of the company Osram.[14]

Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, co-founder William Meinhardt and the other Jewish members of the managing board were forced to step down. During the rule of his successor, Hermann Schlüpmann, organisations close to the Nazi Party, such as DAF, became increasingly influential among the company's workforce.[15]: 112–116  In March 1933, Osram funded 40,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ for a secret campaign fund of German industrialists in support the Nazi Party.[16]

During World War II, Osram used forced labour in their plants in Berlin.[17] Due to the bombing of Berlin, production was partially relocated to East German cities from 1942 onward. The production of molybdenum and tungsten products, which were classified as important for the war effort, was outsourced to the city of Plauen. Following arrangements between Osram officials and members of the SS, two subcamps of Flossenbürg concentration camp were installed next to the factory site to secure the company's supply of slave labourers.[18]: 393  In a subcamp in Leitzmeritz, prisoners were used to build underground facilities as part of the secret project Richard II to secure the production of molybdenum and tungsten during air raids.[19]: 362  At least 4,500 prisoners died in the camp, while Osram never moved into the space due to the course of war.[20][21]

In 1993, Osram Sylvania, a North American division, was established with the acquisition of GTE's Sylvania lighting division. Osram Sylvania manufactures and markets a wide range of lighting products for homes, business, and vehicles and holds the largest share of the North American lighting market.[22] In fiscal year 2006, the company achieved sales of about 2 billion euros, which comprised 43% of total Osram sales.[23] In 2019, Osram sold Sylvania to Wesco International, Inc.[24]

In 1998, Osram acquired the lamp business of ECE Industries India for $9.55 million. In 2009, Osram acquired Traxon Technologies. In 2011, Osram acquired Siteco.

On 8 July 2013 Siemens spun Osram off, and Osram listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

On 3 March 2021, ams AG announced that the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (“DPLTA”) between AMS Offer GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of AMS AG, the parent company of AMS Group, and Osram Licht AG (“Osram”), became effective on that day. The combined company focuses on optical systems and serves the entire value chain including sensing, visualization and illumination, with products ranging from emitters to sensors and software.[25]

Operations

Osram is a multinational corporation with headquarters in Munich, with around 34,000 employees throughout the world. Osram has operations in over 120 countries.

In fiscal year 2019, Osram's business model was operationally implemented in three business units: Opto Semiconductors, Automotive and Digital.[26]

Opto Semiconductors
Main article: Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH

The Opto Semiconductors Business Unit provides opto semiconductors, which are crucial elements in lighting, visualization, and sensor technology. Osram Opto Semiconductors offers a wide range of LEDs in the low-power, mid-power, high-power, and ultra-high-power classes that are used in general lighting, automotive, consumer, and industrial applications as well as infrared, laser and optical sensors. The main market for these components are the automotive sector, smartphones, wearables, general lighting, lighting for plants, industrial lighting, and projection.[27]

Automotive

The Automotive Business Unit develops and produces lamps; light modules; and sensors for auto makers and their suppliers and the spare parts aftermarket.

Up to the beginning of the fiscal year 2019, the automotive and other areas of business comprised the Specialty Lighting Business Unit. As part of a reorganization and the subsequent renaming of the business unit as AM, these other areas of business have been incorporated into the Digital Business Unit.

Digital

The Digital Business Unit was established at the start of the fiscal year 2019. It handles all of Osram's business activities that use digital technologies.

The former Lighting Solutions Business Unit was dissolved at the start of the fiscal year 2019. Traxon's business was incorporated into the new Digital Business Unit. The European luminaire business (Siteco) and the North American luminaire service business are reported as discontinued operations.[28]

  • German football manager Jupp Heynckes was nicknamed "Osram" because his face would sometimes redden under the stress of matches.[29]

See also

References
  1. "100 Jahre OSRAM: Licht hat einen Namen" (PDF). Osram.de. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  2. "ams OSRAM announces successful delisting offer and forthcoming delisting of OSRAM shares". ams-osram.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  3. "#TheNewOSRAM - the high-tech photonics company". OSRAM. 25 November 2020.
  4. "ams & OSRAM news". Ams AG. 3 March 2021.
  5. "Osram shares begin trading on the Frankfurt and Munich Stock Exchanges". LEDs Magazine. 8 July 2013.
  6. "Ad hoc: Osram finds best owner for lamps business". OSRAM. 25 November 2020.
  7. "AMS clear to make takeover bid for Osram in potential bidding war". Reuters. 21 August 2019.
  8. "Osram's Managing Board invites ams to talks about the future". OSRAM. 6 December 2019.
  9. "Osram supports public takeover offer from Bain Capital and The Carlyle Group". OSRAM. 4 July 2019.
  10. "ams announces successful closing of the OSRAM acquisition, aims to create a global leader in sensor solutions and photonics". Ams AG. 9 July 2020.
  11. "About us - ams-osram - ams". ams-osram. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  12. "Suppes 94/95 Historische Wertpapiere". Suppes-Katalog für Historische Aktien und Anleihen Historische Wertpapiere; Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz. WWA Bernd Suppes: 264. 1994. ISSN 0936-9406.
  13. "Anniversary of the trademark on 17 April 2006". OSRAM. 3 April 2006. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010.
  14. "Shining bright – The interlinked history of Siemens and OSRAM". Siemens Historical Institute. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  15. Tschirbs, Rudolf (2015). Das Phantom der Volksgemeinschaft: ein kritischer Literatur- und Quellenbericht (PDF). Düsseldorf: Hans Böckler Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86593-201-3. OCLC 908680843.
  16. "Entries in the Account "National Trusteeship" Found in the Files of the Delbrueck, Schickter Co. Bank". NUERNBERG MILITARY TRIBUNAL Volume VII Page 567. Mazal Library. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  17. Jacobeit, Sigrid (1987), "OSRAM-Arbeiterinnen. Deutsche und ausländische Frauen in der Kriegsproduktion für den Berliner Glühlampen-Konzern 1939 bis 1945.", Jahrbuch für Geschichte (in German), vol. 35, pp. 369-388
  18. Katherine Lukat (2020), Zwangsarbeit in Plauen im Vogtland: Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen ausländischer Zivilarbeiter, Kriegsgefangener und KZ-Häftlinge im Zweiten Weltkrieg (in German), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ISBN 9783412517427, retrieved 9 May 2020
  19. Marc Buggeln, Michael Wildt (15 October 2014), Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus (in German), München: Walter de Gruyter, p. 441, ISBN 978-3-486-85884-6, retrieved 9 May 2020
  20. Kárný, Miroslav (1993). ">>Vernichtung durch Arbeit<< in Leitmeritz. Dei SS-Führungsstäbe in der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft" [Extermination through labor in Leitmeritz. The SS leadership in the German war economy.]. 1999: Zeitschrift für Sozialgeschichte des 20. Und 21. Jahrhunderts (4): 41–42. ISSN 0930-9977.
  21. Pendas, Devin O.; Roseman, Mark; Wetzell, Richard F. (2017). Beyond the Racial State. Cambridge University Press. p. 491. ISBN 978-1-107-16545-8.
  22. Steiner, Christopher (7 June 2007). "Bright Lights, Big Legacy?". Forbes. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
  23. "Facts & Figures". OSRAM. Archived from the original on 16 May 2007.
  24. "WESCO International, Inc. Acquires OSRAM's Sylvania Lighting Solutions".
  25. "ams Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with OSRAM in force". Ams AG. 3 March 2021.
  26. https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf
  27. https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf
  28. https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf
  29. ""Osram" soll Schalke wieder strahlen lassen". Spiegel Online (in German). 24 June 2003. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
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