Demographics of Ottawa

In 2021, the population of the city of Ottawa was 1,017,449.[1] The population of the census metropolitan area, Ottawa-Gatineau, was 1,488,307.[2]

Demographics of Ottawa
Population pyramid of Ottawa in 2021
Population1,017,449 (2021)
Map of Ottawa showing the francophone concentrations

Population history
Current boundaries
YearPop.±%
1901101,102—    
1911123,417+22.1%
1921152,868+23.9%
1931174,056+13.9%
1941206,367+18.6%
1951246,298+19.3%
1956287,244+16.6%
1961358,410+24.8%
1966413,695+15.4%
1971471,931+14.1%
1976520,533+10.3%
1981546,849+5.1%
1986606,639+10.9%
1991678,147+11.8%
1996721,136+6.3%
2001[N 1]774,072+7.3%
2006812,129+4.9%
2011883,391+8.8%
2016934,243+5.8%
20211,017,449+8.9%
Sources:[5][6][7][8][3][9][10][1]
Former boundaries
YearPop.±%
187121,545—    
188127,412+27.2%
189144,154+61.1%
190159,928+35.7%
191187,062+45.3%
1921107,843+23.9%
1931126,872+17.6%
1941154,951+22.1%
1951202,045+30.4%
1956222,129+9.9%
1961268,206+20.7%
1966290,741+8.4%
1971302,341+4.0%
1976304,462+0.7%
1981295,163−3.1%
1986300,763+1.9%
1991313,987+4.4%
1996323,340+3.0%
2001[N 1]337,031+4.2%
2006[11]329,180−2.3%
2011[11]337,761+2.6%
2016[11]341,998+1.3%
2021[11]360,211+5.3%
Sources:[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
Census metropolitan area
YearPop.±%
1991941,814—    
19961,010,498+7.3%
20011,067,800+5.7%
20061,133,633+6.2%
20111,236,324+9.1%
20161,371,576+10.9%
20211,488,307+8.5%
Sources:[19][20]

Age and sex

In 2001, females made up 51.2% of the amalgamated Ottawa population, while the median age of the population was 36.7 years of age.[21] Youths under 15 years of age comprised 18.9% of the total population, while those of retirement age (65 years and older) comprised 11.4%.[21]

Migration and immigration

Between 1987 and 2002, 131,816 individuals relocated to the city, which represents 75% of the population growth for that period.[22] Foreign immigration plays a significant role in Ottawa's population growth.[23] Foreign born residents make up 23.4 percent of Ottawa's population, in which many come from the United Kingdom, China, India, the United States, Lebanon, Pakistan, Somalia, Iran, the Philippines, Vietnam, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Haiti.

Languages

The Algonquian languages have been spoken for centuries by the Indigenous peoples and subsequently by the coureurs des bois and voyageurs of the Ottawa valley during the 1600s and 1700s.[24] Starting in the mid-1800s, Irish settlers of the Ottawa valley develop a distinct dialect referred to as "Ottawa Valley Twang".[25] Traces of "Valley Twang" although rare, can still be heard in the valley's more isolated areas.[26]

The city offers municipal services in both of Canada's official languages (Canadian English and Canadian French).[27] 367,035 people, or 36.45% of Ottawa's population, can speak both languages.[9] As such it is the largest city in Canada where municipal services are offered in both English and French.[28] However, the city is not officially bilingual in law. Those who identify their mother tongue as English constitute 58.18 percent, while those with French as their mother tongue make up 12.52 percent of the population. In terms of respondents' knowledge of one or both official languages, 60.60 percent and 1.42 percent of the population have knowledge of English only and French only, respectively; while 37.2 percent have knowledge of both official languages. An additional 23.06 percent list languages other than English and French as their mother tongue. These include Arabic (4.33%), Chinese (3.32%), Spanish (1.4%), Italian (0.79%), and many others.[29]

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Ottawa, Ontario [30]
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2021
1,006,965
 126,030 Decrease -0.94% 12.52% 585,865 Increase 4.23% 58.18% 22,595 Increase 83.77% 2.24% 232,210 Increase 15.86% 23.06%
2016
934,391
 127,225 Increase 2.66% 13.61% 562,070 Increase 3.31% 60.15% 12,295 Increase 14.31% 1.31% 200,420 Increase 12.52% 21.49%
2011
883 391
 123,925 Increase 3.75% 14.02% 544,045 Increase 8.4% 61.58% 10,755 Increase 57.89% 1.2% 178,120 Increase 2.87% 20.16%
2006
801 275
 119,445 Increase 3.67% 14.9% 501,870 Increase 3.3% 62.63% 6,815 Decrease 8.46% 0.85% 173,145 Increase 11.51% 21.6%
2001
763 790
 115,220 Increase 144.55% 15.08% 485,825 Increase 147% 63,6% 7,445 Increase 123.23% 0.97% 155,295 Increase 129.59% 20.33%
1996
318 990
 47,115 n/a 14.77% 196,980 n/a 61.75% 3,335 n/a 1.04% 67,670 n/a 21.21%

Ethnicity

City of Ottawa

Pie chart of the ethnic breakdown of Ottawa from the 2021 census.[31]

  European (64.9%)
  Black (8.5%)
  Arab (5.8%)
  South Asian (5.8%)
  Chinese (4.6%)
  Indigenous (2.6%)
  Southeast Asian (1.5%)
  Filipino (1.4%)
  Latin American (1.4%)
  West Asian (1.3%)
  Multiple visible minorities (1.1%)
  Korean (0.4%)
  Visible minority not included elsewhere (0.4%)
  Japanese (0.2%)

Members of visible minority groups (non-white/European) constitute 32.5 percent, while those of Indigenous origin make up 2.6% of the total population. The largest visible minority groups are: Black Canadians: 8.5%, Arab Canadians: 5.8%, South Asian Canadians: 5.8%, and Chinese Canadians: 4.6%. Smaller groups include Southeast Asians, Filipinos, Latin Americans, and West Asians.[31]

Panethnic groups in the City of Ottawa (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group		 2021[31] 2016[32] 2011[33] 2006[34] 2001[35]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 649,580 64.9% 652,650 71.18% 643,750 74.24% 627,300 78.29% 617,920 80.9%
African 84,765 8.47% 60,205 6.57% 49,650 5.73% 39,070 4.88% 34,645 4.54%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 2] 71,435 7.14% 49,920 5.44% 39,930 4.61% 30,160 3.76% 25,415 3.33%
South Asian 57,820 5.78% 38,750 4.23% 33,805 3.9% 26,510 3.31% 21,705 2.84%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 52,610 5.26% 46,340 5.05% 39,110 4.51% 34,560 4.31% 30,625 4.01%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 4] 29,280 2.93% 24,405 2.66% 24,180 2.79% 17,510 2.19% 13,525 1.77%
Indigenous 26,395 2.64% 22,960 2.5% 18,180 2.1% 12,250 1.53% 8,625 1.13%
Latin American 14,350 1.43% 11,150 1.22% 10,255 1.18% 8,075 1.01% 6,455 0.85%
Other/Multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 14,690 1.47% 10,470 1.14% 8,230 0.95% 5,835 0.73% 4,870 0.64%
Total responses 1,000,935 98.38% 916,860 98.14% 867,085 98.15% 801,270 98.66% 763,790 98.67%
Total population 1,017,449 100% 934,243 100% 883,391 100% 812,129 100% 774,072 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses


Metro Ottawa
Panethnic groups in Metro Ottawa (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group		 2021[36][37] 2016[38] 2011[39] 2006[40] 2001[41]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 6] 1,036,525 70.78% 981,625 75.47% 951,160 78.24% 917,235 82.11% 888,590 84.57%
African 114,225 7.8% 77,995 6% 60,660 4.99% 45,060 4.03% 38,185 3.63%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 2] 83,730 5.72% 59,445 4.57% 47,155 3.88% 34,685 3.1% 28,285 2.69%
South Asian 60,780 4.15% 39,980 3.07% 34,795 2.86% 27,130 2.43% 22,280 2.12%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 57,460 3.92% 49,660 3.82% 41,960 3.45% 36,525 3.27% 31,980 3.04%
Indigenous 46,540 3.18% 38,120 2.93% 30,565 2.51% 20,590 1.84% 13,485 1.28%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 4] 32,995 2.25% 26,440 2.03% 26,000 2.14% 19,005 1.7% 14,740 1.4%
Latin American 20,625 1.41% 15,630 1.2% 14,270 1.17% 10,630 0.95% 7,655 0.73%
Other/Multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 17,095 1.17% 11,815 0.91% 9,175 0.75% 6,260 0.56% 5,560 0.53%
Total responses 1,464,495 98.4% 1,300,730 98.26% 1,215,735 98.33% 1,117,120 98.79% 1,050,755 98.79%
Total population 1,488,307 100% 1,323,783 100% 1,236,324 100% 1,130,761 100% 1,063,664 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Religion

City of Ottawa

In the 2021 Canadian Census,[42] 52.8% of the population belonged to Christian denominations, down from 65.4% in 2011.[43] Catholics were the most common at 30.4%, down from 38.4% in 2011. Protestants were 11.4% of the population (19.5% in 2011), while Christian orthodox were 2.1% and Christians of no specified denomination were 6.4%. Other Christian/Christian related traditions (Including Mormons and Jehovah's Witnesses) made up 2.5%. Non-Christian religions are also very well established in Ottawa, the largest being Islam: 9.9% (6.7% in 2011), Hinduism: 2% (1.4% in 2011), Buddhism: 1.2% (1.3% in 2011), and Judaism: 1.1% (1.2% in 2011.) Residents with no religion and/or secular perspectives make up 31.6% of Ottawa's population, up from 21.8% in 2011.

Religions in the City of Ottawa
(only religions with more than 1% of the population listed)
Religion %
Christianity52.8%
    Catholicism30.4%
    Anglicanism4.1%
    United Church3.4%
    Christian Orthodox2.1%
    Pentecostal (and other Charismatic)1.2%
Islam9.9%
Hinduism2.0%
Others1.5%
Buddhism1.2%
Judaism1.1%
No religion31.6%

Metro Ottawa
Religious groups in Metro Ottawa (1981−2021)
Religious group 2021[44] 2011[45] 2001[46] 1991[47][48] 1981[49][50]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Christianity 824,655 56.31% 850,925 69.99% 833,770 79.35% 776,905 85.18% 644,200 90.49%
Irreligion 462,555 31.58% 252,795 20.79% 139,705 13.3% 93,285 10.23% 48,050 6.75%
Islam 114,780 7.84% 65,880 5.42% 41,725 3.97% 17,585 1.93% 4,325 0.61%
Hinduism 21,205 1.45% 12,295 1.01% 8,150 0.78% 4,785 0.52% 2,900 0.41%
Buddhism 12,185 0.83% 12,860 1.06% 9,985 0.95% 6,015 0.66% 2,165 0.3%
Judaism 11,395 0.78% 10,980 0.9% 11,325 1.08% 9,910 1.09% 8,470 1.19%
Sikhism 6,730 0.46% 3,445 0.28% 2,645 0.25% 1,575 0.17% 605 0.08%
Indigenous spirituality 745 0.05% 375 0.03% — — — — — —
Other 10,250 0.7% 6,185 0.51% 3,445 0.33% 2,025 0.22% 1,205 0.17%
Total responses 1,464,500 98.4% 1,215,735 96.88% 1,050,755 98.79% 912,100 99.05% 711,920 99.16%
Total population 1,488,307 100% 1,254,919 100% 1,063,664 100% 920,857 100% 717,978 100%

Populations per neighbourhood (old City of Ottawa)

The following are populations of neighbourhoods that generally correspond to Statistics Canada census tracts.

NeighbourhoodPopulation (2021)Population (2016)Population (2011)Population (2006)Population (2001)[51]Population (1996)[52]Population (1991)[52]Area (km2)Density (per km2)Census tract(s)
Alta Vista (west)10,5679,97310,1979,4599,1548,9018,9234.762220.05050006.00[53] 5050005.00[54]
Bel-Air Heights-Bel-Air Park-Braemar Park-Copeland Park9,4418,9688,9678,6139,1779,3299,6712.663549.25050023.01[55][56] and 5050024.00[57][58]
Britannia-Michele Heights-Lincoln Heights-Belltown11,54111,29211,46911,43512,08812,14411,7492.804121.85050029.00[59][60] and 5050030.00[61][62]
Carleton Heights (south)2,9012,8882,8722,3652,4372,4352,4771.511921.25050020.02[63]
Carlington12,38411,63811,88211,51212,59312,21012,2833.883191.85050021.00[64][65] and 5050022.00[66][67]
Carlingwood3,6223,5583,3763,3363,3093,1933,1650.784643.65050032.01[68][69]
Carson Meadows-Rockcliffe Mews-Carson Grove (Quarries)6,1585,7865,5615,6384,4184,2203,9781.843346.75050062.01[70]
Central Park3,9703,8883,8323,4031,680 N/A[N 2]0.914362.65050023.02[71][72]
Centretown (incl. Golden Triangle)25,68723,82321,53620,51321,15920,29319,2382.0812349.55050040.00[73] 5050039.00[74] 5050038.00[75] 5050037.00[76] (5050037.01 and 5050037.02 in 2021) 5050049.00[77]
Centretown West (Dalhousie; incl. Glebe Annex)12,60111,53612,02211,91512,78612,26612,1701.946495.45050041.00[78] 5050042.00[79] 5050035.00[80]
Civic Hospital3,5643,6313,6563,4403,4833,6283,5331.282784.45050034.00[81]
Downtown5,5014,8764,1233,7183,6203,7433,3801.264365.95050048.00[82]
Elmvale Acres3,3133,2713,2803,2543,3543,4383,4691.033216.55050009.00[83]
Forbes5,5495,3045,3455,2835,4575,0425,3271.374050.45050061.00[84]
Foster Farm-Queensway Terrace North-Britannia Heights6,8266,6496,8446,8007,1926,7986,5731.973465.05050028.00[85][86]
The Glebe11,92211,55911,18410,88611,36911,22411,3752.564657.05050019.00[87] 5050018.00[88] 5050036.00[89]
Greenboro11,96512,09512,11311,3149,8848,548[N 3]3.953029.15050001.05[90] 5050001.06[91]
Hawthorne Meadows3,9753,8663,7873,9384,2494,1244,1020.636309.55050010.00[92]
Heron Gate-Ellwood (incl. Banff-Ledbury, Heatherington)13,08512,66312,69412,20313,11912,18011,6802.435384.85050007.02[93] 5050001.01[94]
Heron Park4,1473,8243,8293,8913,9293,7523,8181.882205.95050004.00[95]
Highland Park-McKellar Park-Woodroffe North11,23711,12110,3319,8739,9699,8599,7072.883901.75050033.01[96][97] and 5050032.02[98][99]
Hintonburg-Mechanicsville10,2179,2829,0418,9089,5889,2008,3221.706010.05050046.00[100] 5050043.00[101]
Hunt Club Estate5,1945,1165,0904,9825,1853,845[N 4]1.373,791.25050002.05[102]
Hunt Club Park8,5568,8258,9378,9038,9568,0565,0335.581533.35050001.08[103] 5050001.07[104]
Hunt Club Woods2,6662,6092,6732,7812,5653,887[N 4]4.49593.85050002.06[105]
Laurentian View (Hampton-Iona)3,6303,1982,8522,7822,9432,9512,9501.023558.85050033.02[106][107]
LeBreton Flats847620373575045560.841008.35050047.00[108]
Lower Town-ByWard Market13,52912,85612,18311,37711,13410,46310,5502.066567.55050055.00[109] 5050054.00[110] 5050056.00[111] 5050053.00[112]
Manor Park8,0707,7167,6657,6527,9708,0557,4372.902782.85050059.00[113] 5050060.00[114]
New Edinburgh-Lindenlea5,6345,3855,3115,4595,2605,3715,2641.423967.65050057.00[115][116] 5050058.00[117][118]
Ottawa East (north)6,2735,1905,1104,9075,8654,4584,4671.115651.45050015.00[119]
Ottawa South-Rideau Gardens8,7398,6388,4628,1688,1608,0278,1082.034304.95050017.00[120] 5050016.00[121]
Overbrook-Castle Heights10,2589,2899,6509,4379,8399,5799,4113.043374.35050013.00[122] 5050012.00[123]
Playfair Park2,4632,2302,2542,2712,3432,1262,1260.842932.15050007.01[124]
Quinterra1,3461,3811,3631,10491150261.181140.75050002.04[125]
Redwood3,8963,8563,8174,0954,2934,1904,3940.755194.75050027.00[126][127]
Rideauview-Courtland Park5,7205,0085,5045,7926,5375,9635,8005.75994.85050020.01[128]
Ridgeview-Parkway Park-Queensway Terrace South-Kenson Park5,5425,3675,3555,4485,6355,6115,3962.222496.45050026.00[129][130]
Riverside Park (north)4,6924,6174,5644,5815,2114,6555,0643.201466.35050003.00[131]
Riverside Park South-Mooney's Bay3,0302,8852,8932,9233,0863,2203,4062.581174.45050002.01[132]
Riverview-Sheffield Glen-Eastway Gardens16,58715,56415,54415,17715,60014,74714,49811.071498.45050011.03[133] 5050011.04[134] 5050011.01[135]
Sandy Hill12,87112,07012,45112,07813,23212,69711,9382.076217.95050050.00[136] 5050051.00[137] 5050014.00[138] 5050052.00[139]
South Keys2,8652,7182,8492,7772,9822,859[N 3]1.362106.65050001.04[140]
Urbandale (Canterbury)4,8364,6224,5974,6864,7884,8634,9061.553120.05050008.00[141]
Urbandale Acres-Guildwood Estates3,7233,7313,7193,7863,8773,9294,1411.213076.95050007.03[142]
Viscount Alexander Park (CFB Rockcliffe, Wateridge, Fairhaven)2,7371,6861,7242,0692,8703,3952,9074.77573.85050062.02[143]
Wellington Village (Hampton Park)2,5252,5472,5642,4092,4932,4512,3940.683713.25050044.00[144][145]
Western Community (Hunt Club Chase)3,4453,4703,5113,5753,5203,6813,7241.522266.45050002.02[146]
Westboro Village-Westboro Beach-Champlain Park9,0618,4508,1357,3966,9126,8476,0823.272770.95050045.00[147][148] (5050045.01 and 5050045.02 in 2021)
Whitehaven-Glabar Park-McKellar Heights5,7495,5145,3295,5065,3885,4195,3762.482318.15050025.00[149]
Woodpark5,5545,3495,3415,3055,3925,3545,4091.115003.65050031.00[150][151]

Notes
  1. In early 2001, the Province of Ontario dissolved the former City of Ottawa by amalgamating it with eleven other municipalities to form a new City of Ottawa. The 1996 adjusted population of the amalgamated city published in the 2001 census was 721,136,[3] while the population of the dissolved former City of Ottawa in 2001 was 337,031.[4]
  2. Central Park's Census Tract did not exist during these censuses. The neighbourhood was built in the late 1990s
  3. Greenboro and South Keys combined were in the same Census Tract with a population of 10,468
  4. Hunt Club Estate and Hunt Club Woods/Uplands combined were in the same Census Tract with a population of 7,716
  1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  3. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  6. 2001-2016: Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.

    2021: Statistic includes all persons belonging to the non-indigenous and non-visible minority “White” population group.

References
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