Granville County, North Carolina

During the Civil War, more than 2,000 men from Granville County served the Confederacy. One company was known as the "Granville Grays." Most of these men fought in the major battles of the war. Surprisingly, many survived until the end of the war.

Although the Civil War brought an end to the plantation and slave labor economy that had made Granville County prosperous, the agricultural sector continued to thrive in the county. Freedmen stayed in Oxford to work, and the discovery of bright leaf tobacco stimulated the industry. Many African Americans in Granville County were already free before the start of the Civil War; some had migrated into North Carolina as free people from Virginia in the colonial era. The free people of color before the Civil War were often descendants of families formed by unions between white women (who were free) and African or African-American men before the American Revolution.[4] They made lasting contributions to the region, particularly through their skilled labor. Several black masons constructed homes for the county's wealthy landowners. Additionally, the bright leaf tobacco crop proved a successful agricultural product for Granville County. The sandy soil and a new tobacco crop that could be "flue-dried" proved a great incentive to farmers and tobacco manufacturers.

According to historian William S. Powell, Granville has remained a top tobacco-producing county in North Carolina for several decades. By the late 1800s and early 1900s, Oxford had become a thriving town with new industries, schools, literary institutions, and orphanages, due to jobs created by the bright tobacco crop.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, northern Granville County, together with Halifax County, Virginia, were important mining areas. Copper, tungsten, silver and gold were mined in the region. The Richmond to Danville Railroad was a critical lifeline to the northern part of the county and provided an important link for miners and farmers to get their goods to larger markets in Richmond and Washington, D.C.

From the late 19th century into the early 20th century, whites in Granville County lynched six African Americans, a number of extralegal murders equalled by two other counties in the state. Most of these killings took place in the decades around the turn of the century. Each of the three counties is tied in having the second-highest number of lynchings per county.[5] Among these was a double lynching in the county seat on December 1, 1881. An armed mob of masked men stormed into the county jail, forcing the jailer to give them the keys. They took out John Brodie and Shadrack Hester, two African-American men charged with murdering a local white man. They took the prisoners to a tree near where the death took place, and hanged them.[6]

Historic tobacco warehouses in Oxford

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Granville County played a pivotal role as tobacco supplier for the southeast United States. With many farms and contracts tied to major tobacco companies, such as American Tobacco Company, Lorillard, Brown & Williamson, and Liggett Group, the local farmers became prosperous. During the Great Depression, the tobacco fields were subject to a new plant disease. The Granville Wilt Disease, as it became known, destroyed tobacco crops all across northern North Carolina. Botanists and horticulturists found a cure for the disease at the Tobacco Research Center located in Oxford.

Camp Butner, opened in 1942 as a training camp for World War II soldiers, once encompassed more than 40,000 acres in Granville, Person, and Durham counties. During the war, more than 30,000 soldiers were trained at Camp Butner, including the 35th and 89th divisions. The hilly topography at Camp Butner proved helpful in teaching soldiers how to respond to gas bombings and how to use camouflage and cross rivers. Additionally, both German and Italian prisoners served as cooks and janitors at Camp Butner. Today, most of the land that was Camp Butner now belongs to the North Carolina government. Umstead Hospital, which is no longer operational, was located at the Camp Butner site.

In the 1950s and 1960s, various manufacturing businesses built up across Granville County, and the region gradually became more industrialized. Today, the manufacturing industry produces cosmetics, tires, and clothing products in Granville County.

The Granville County Courthouse, of Greek Revival architecture,[7] was built in 1840[8] and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

• Butner-Falls of Neuse Game Land (part)[10]
• Ledge Creek Forest Conservation Area
• Roberts Chapel Conservation Area

• Beaver Dam Lake
• Beaverdam Creek
• Coon Creek
• Falls Lake
• Fishing Creek
• Island Creek Reservoir
• John H. Kerr Reservoir
• Lake Butner
• Lake Devin
• Roanoke River
• Smith Creek
• Tar River

• Halifax County, Virginia – north
• Mecklenburg County, Virginia – north
• Vance County – east
• Franklin County – east
• Wake County – south
• Durham County – southwest
• Person County – northwest

• I-85
• US 15
• US 158
• 
  US 158 Bus.
• NC 49
• NC 50
• NC 56
• NC 96

• Henderson Oxford Airport

As of the 2020 census, there were 60,992 people, 21,400 households, and 15,182 families residing in the county.

At the 2017 census estimate,[17] there were 59,557 people in 20,628 households residing in the county. The population density was 111.6 people per square mile (43.1 people/km²). There were 22,827 housing units at an average density of 42.5 units per square mile (16.4 units/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 58% White, 30% Black, 8% Hispanic, 2% Two or more Races, 1% Asian, 1% American Indian.

There were 20,628 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them. The average household size was 2.90. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 12.0% from 25 to 34, 24.1% from 35 to 49, 20.7% from 50 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 114.7 males.

The median income[18] for a household in the county was $48,196, and the mean household income was $55,849. The median and mean income for a family was $56,493 and $64,311, respectively. The per capita income for the county was $21,201. About 7.6% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

Granville County was long a Democratic stronghold, for the most part, if not exclusively, only supporting Democratic candidates in presidential election until 1968, when it supported George Wallace. Today, it is somewhat of a national bellwether, having from 1992 onward supported the national winner in all the presidential elections with the exception of 2000, when it supported Al Gore, and 2020, when it supported Donald Trump.

• J.F. Webb High School (Oxford)
• J.F. Webb School of Health and Life Sciences
• Granville Central High School (Stem)
• Granville Early College High (affiliated with Vance-Granville Community College, which has a campus in Butner) (Creedmoor)
• South Granville High School (Creedmoor)

• Butner-Stem Middle (Butner) (Traditional and Year Round)
• G.C. Hawley Middle (Creedmoor)
• Mary Potter Middle (Oxford)
• Northern Granville Middle (Oxford) (Traditional and Year Round)

• Butner-Stem Elementary (Butner) (Traditional and Year Round)
• C.G. Credle Elementary (Oxford)
• Creedmoor Elementary (Creedmoor)
• Mt. Energy Elementary (Creedmoor)
• Stovall-Shaw Elementary (Stovall)
• Tar River Elementary (Franklinton)
• West Oxford Elementary (Oxford) (Traditional and Year Round)
• Wilton Elementary(Franklinton)

• Creedmoor
• Oxford (county seat)

• Butner (largest community)
• Stem
• Stovall