Pa-O National Army

The Pa-O National Army (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ, Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNA) is a Pa-O insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It was established in 1949 and is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Organisation.[4][5]

Not to be confused with the Pa-O National Liberation Army.

Pa-O National Army
ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ
LeadersU Aung Kham Hti[1]
Dates of operation1949 (1949) – 9 December 2009; 2021–present
HeadquartersTaunggyi, Shan State, Myanmar
Active regionsPa-O Self-Administered Zone
(controlled territory)
IdeologyPa-O nationalism
Allies
OpponentsState opponents

Non-state opponents

Battles and warsInternal conflict in Myanmar

The PNA protects the PNO-governed Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, which consists of three townships in southern Shan State: Hopong, Hsi Hseng, and Pinlaung townships.[1]

The PNA signed a ceasefire agreement with the then ruling State Peace and Development Council on 11 April 1991 and reformed itself as a people's militia force. It merged with other Pa-O paramilitary groups on 9 December 2009.[5][6] Following the military coup d'état on 1 February 2021, there have been reports of PNA forcibly recruiting locals, extorting money and conducting joint operations with the Burmese military against resistance groups.[7][8] An outpost occupied by allied forces of the Burmese military and PNA in Nyaung Shwe Township, southern Shan State was seized by a joint force of Pekon People's Defence Force and Karenni Nationalities Defence Force in May 2022.[9]

References
  1. South, Ashley (2008). Ethnic Politics in Burma: States of Conflict. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 122–124. ISBN 978-0-203-89519-1. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  2. "Pa-O regions militia groups and Myanmar Military Junta". BNI. 5 January 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. "Pyusawhti militia". Myanmar NOW.
  4. "Armed ethnic groups". Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  5. "PNLO". Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  6. Kyaw, Sann; Christensen, Russ (2006). The Pa-O: Rebels and Refugees. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 978-974-9575-93-2.
  7. "PNO/PNA Recruiting Youths In Mong Pawn Township". BNI. 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  8. "The Myanmar Military Junta's Divide and Rule Tactic". BNI. 2 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  9. "Myanmar Resistance Claims Victory Over Junta Outpost". The Irrawaddy. 13 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.