Panochthus

Panochthus is an extinct genus of glyptodont, which lived in the Gran Chaco-Pampean region of Argentina (Lujan, Yupoí and Agua Blanca Formations), Brazil (Jandaíra Formation), Bolivia (Tarija and Ñuapua Formations), Paraguay and Uruguay (Sopas and Dolores Formations) during the Pleistocene epoch.[1][2][3][4]

Panochthus
Temporal range: Pleistocene (Uquian-Lujanian)
~
P. frenzelianus
Skeleton and shell of Panochthus tuberculatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cingulata
Family: Chlamyphoridae
Subfamily: †Glyptodontinae
Genus: †Panochthus
Burmeister, 1866
Type species
†Panochthus tuberculatus
Owen, 1845
Species
  • †P. frenzelianus Ameghino, 1889
  • †P. florensis Brambilla, Lopez & Parent, 2020
  • †P. greslebini Castellanos, 1942
  • †P. hipsilis Zurita et al., 2017
  • †P. intermedius Lydekker, 1895
  • †P. jaguaribensis Moreia, 1965
  • †P. subintermedius Castellanos, 1937
  • †P. tuberculatus Owen, 1845
Inferred range of the genus Panochthus based on known localities
Synonyms

Synonyms of P. tuberculatus

  • P. lundii Burmeister, 1874
  • P. morenoi Ameghino, 1881
  • P. rusconii Castellanos, 1942
  • P. voghti Ameghino, 1889

Synonyms of P. greslebini

  • P. oliveiraroxoi Castellanos, 1942
  • P. rochai Couto, 1954

It could reach 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length and a weight up to 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb)[5] the upper skull and the body were protected by hemispherical armor composed of hundreds of rounded scales. The tail, short and wedge-shaped, consisted of small bony bands with small spikes used for defense. Preserved tracheal rings are known from one specimen.[6]

  • Panochthus vogti skull
    Panochthus vogti skull
  • 1878 restoration of P. tuberculatus
    1878 restoration of P. tuberculatus

See also

References
  1. Panochthus at Fossilworks.org
  2. Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Zamorano, Martín; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo Juan; Fidel, Sergio; Iriondo, Martín; Gillette, David D. (2017-01-16). "A new species of Panochthus Burmeister (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia". Historical Biology. 29 (8): 1076–1088. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1278443. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 91031708.
  3. Zurita, Alfredo; Zamorano, Martín; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo; Fidel, Sergio; Iriondo, Martín; Gillette, David (2017-01-16). "A new species of Panochthus Burmeister (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia". Historical Biology. 29 (8): 1076–1088. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1278443. S2CID 91031708.
  4. Zamorano, Martín; Mones, Alvaro; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo (2012-04-30). "Redescripción y designación de un neotipo de Panochthus tuberculatus (Owen) (Mammalia, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae)". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 15: 113–122. doi:10.4072/rbp.2012.1.10.
  5. (in Spanish) Chicosabordo
  6. Zamorano, Martín (2020). "Exceptional preservation of tracheal rings in a glyptodont mammal from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00654.2019. ISSN 0567-7920.

Further reading
  • Dinosaur Encyclopedia by Jayne Parsons
  • Guimarães de Lima, Fábio Cunha, and Kleberson de Oliveira Porpino. 2018. Ectoparasitism and infections in the exoskeletons of large fossil cingulates. PLoS ONE 13. e0205656. Accessed 2018-10-18.
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