Patsho Khiamniungan

It is a Language spoken in Noklak dist. in Nagaland, India.[1] Patsho Khiamniungan is gradually refining and grammartical development is underway.[2] Majority of the Khiamniungan villages in India are known to this language.[3]

Patsho village night view.
Patsho
pɑ³³.tsʰɒ³³
PronunciationKhiamniungan Naga pronunciation: [/pɑ³³.tsʰɒ³³.kʰiɑm³³.ɲu³³.ŋn³³/]
Native toIndia
RegionPatsho village, Noklak District, Nagaland
EthnicityKhiamniungan Naga
Native speakers
120,000 approx. in Myanmar and 61,983 approx (2011)[4]
Sino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3kix

Background

Patsho is a language spoken in eastern part of Nagaland state and also refers to the people living under Noklak district in India. Above all, it is a village with one of the highest number of Population in the region. Sometimes, it refers to Patsho speaking group of people who are native to and belong to Patsho Village.[5]

Typology

Patsho Khiamniungan is related to sino-Tibetan[6] compounded by two words and can be define accordingly where Patsho is a village in Nagaland and Khiamniungan refers to one of the major tribe in Nagaland. Thus, forms the word Patsho Khiamniungan to associate with the language spoken by Patsho people.[7] Almost all the Khiamniungans are well versed with this language except people from north eastern part of the region finds it difficult to conversed.

Phonology

The phonological inventory of Patsho Khiamniungan is as follows.

Consonants
labial/
labiodental		dentalpalatal/
palato-alveolar		velarglottal
stop, unasiprated ptkʔ
stop, aspirated pʰtʰkʰ
affricate, unaspirated tstʃ
affricate, aspirated tsʰtʃʰ
nasal mnɲŋ
fricative (v)sʃ
approximant wljh


Vowels
aɛi
ouü

[8]

There are four phonemic tones in Patsho,

  • high level /55/
  • mid level /33/
  • high falling /52/
  • low /31/

Language development

Orthography which is in Latin script has been written and published for language development and preservation for cultural identity. Along with other pedagogical materials and dictionary for the oral language.[9]

Writing System

Patsho Khiamniungan is written in Latin script with twenty eight(28) alphabets while some of them are combined to form one letter, for example t, s, h, are different and separate letter but also has tsh as one word like it is found in the word Patsho.[10]

References
  1. : From oral tradition to written language:/The Patsho Khiamniungan and Mongsen Ao dictionary projects
  2. : How the Cocks Started Crowing
  3. Khiamniungan Wiktionary: Dictionary
  4. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  5. : From oral tradition to written language:/The Patsho Khiamniungan and Mongsen Ao dictionary projects
  6. Ethnologue.com language kix Khiamniungan Naga
  7. : Linguistic diversity and language contact in Nagaland
  8. [Patsho Range Students' Union (2023): Patsho Khiamniungan Orthography : Published by Patsho range students' Union in collaboration with dictionary team, Patsho Khiamniungan]
  9. : From oral tradition to written language: The Patsho Khiamniungan and Mongsen Ao dictionary projects
  10. [Patsho Range Students' Union (2023): Patsho Khiamniungan Orthography : Published by Patsho range students' Union in collaboration with dictionary team, Patsho Khiamniungan]
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