Demographics of Burundi

Demographic features of the population of Burundi include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Demographics of Burundi, Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Demographics of Burundi
Population pyramid of Burundi in 2020
Population12,696,478 (2022 est.)
Growth rate3.63% (2022 est.)
Birth rate35.17 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy67.42 years
 • male65.32 years
 • female69.59 years
Fertility rate5.03 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate37.84 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate7.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years43.83%
65 and over3.06%
Sex ratio
Total0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.02 male(s)/female
65 and over0.62 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityBurundian
Language
OfficialKirundi, French, English, Swahili

At 206.1 persons per km², Burundi has the second-largest population density in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil. The population is made up of three major ethnic groups – Hutu (Bahutu), Tutsi (Batutsi or Watusi), and Twa (Batwa). Kirundi is the common language. Intermarriage takes place frequently between the Hutus and Tutsis. The terms "pastoralist" and "agriculturist", often used as ethnic designations for Watusi and Bahutu, respectively, are only occupational titles which vary among individuals and groups. Although Hutus encompass the majority of the population, historically Tutsis have been politically and economically dominant.

Population
Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2], the total population was 11,891,000 in 2020, compared to only 2 309 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2020 was 45.3%, 52.4% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.4% of the population was 65 years or older. .[3]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2 309 00040.955.93.2
1955 2 537 00042.454.53.1
1960 2 798 00043.853.22.9
1965 3 094 00045.351.83.0
1970 3 479 00045.551.53.0
1975 3 701 00045.451.33.3
1980 4 157 00044.752.23.1
1985 4 751 00046.250.93.0
1990 5 439 00047.949.32.8
1995 5 987 00050.347.12.5
2000 6 379 00050.147.42.5
2005 7 365 00047.050.72.3
2010 8 676 00045.152.72.2
2015 10 160 00045.552.42.1
2020 11 891 00045.352.42.4

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2015) (Unrevised data.):[4]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 4 822 838 5 000 990 9 823 828 100
0–4 856 714 855 769 1 712 483 17.43
5–9 679 740 699 260 1 379 000 14.04
10–14 604 457 629 629 1 234 086 12.56
15–19 496 353 525 562 1 021 915 10.40
20–24 467 123 507 522 974 645 9.92
25–29 397 323 446 043 843 366 8.58
30–34 321 348 337 758 659 106 6.71
35–39 236 115 230 446 466 561 4.75
40–44 182 701 183 765 366 466 3.73
45–49 153 796 156 798 310 594 3.16
50–54 134 933 130 247 265 180 2.70
55–59 113 470 111 808 225 278 2.29
60–64 74 556 70 655 145 211 1.48
65-69 44 744 46 041 90 785 0.92
70-74 25 722 28 826 54 548 0.56
75-79 16 056 20 164 36 220 0.37
80+ 17 687 20 697 38 384 0.39
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 2 140 911 2 184 658 4 325 569 44.03
15–64 2 577 718 2 700 604 5 278 322 53.73
65+ 104 209 115 728 219 937 2.24

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):[4]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 6 080 391 6 229 209 12 309 600 100
0–4 874 372 864 599 1 738 971 14.13
5–9 869 861 865 182 1 735 043 14.10
10–14 813 776 816 817 1 630 593 13.25
15–19 635 015 647 234 1 282 249 10.42
20–24 536 485 556 280 1 092 765 8.88
25–29 496 482 527 430 1 023 911 8.32
30–34 443 784 481 580 925 364 7.52
35–39 360 774 378 666 739 439 6.01
40–44 268 219 268 291 536 510 4.36
45–49 190 837 196 746 387 583 3.15
50–54 163 759 171 797 335 555 2.73
55–59 140 489 143 340 283 830 2.31
60–64 118 050 122 024 240 075 1.95
65-69 82 201 86 101 168 302 1.37
70-74 43 526 48 289 91 815 0.75
75-79 24 811 30 186 54 997 0.45
80+ 17 951 24 649 42 600 0.35
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 2 558 009 2 546 598 5 104 607 41.47
15–64 3 353 893 3 871 836 7 225 729 58.70
65+ 168 489 189 225 357 714 2.91

UN population projections

Numbers are in thousands. UN medium variant projections[3]

  • 2020 11,891
  • 2025 13,764
  • 2030 15,773
  • 2035 17,932
  • 2040 20,253
  • 2045 22,728
  • 2050 25,325

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Burundi not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Population
(thousands)		 Live births
(thousands)		 Deaths
(thousands)		 Natural change
(thousands)		 CBR[lower-roman 1] CDR[lower-roman 1] NC[lower-roman 1] TFR[lower-roman 1] IMR[lower-roman 1] Life expectancy
(years)
1950 2 254   116   53   63 51.3 23.5 27.8 6.92 166.9 40.6
1951   2 303   117   55   62 50.7 23.9 26.8 6.91 166.0 40.8
1952   2 352   118   56   62 49.9 23.8 26.1 6.90 164.0 41.0
1953   2 399   119   57   62 49.4 23.6 25.8 6.92 162.0 41.3
1954   2 447   120   57   63 48.9 23.3 25.5 6.92 160.1 41.6
1955   2 495   121   58   63 48.4 23.0 25.4 6.93 158.2 41.9
1956   2 544   122   58   64 47.9 22.8 25.1 6.93 156.4 42.1
1957   2 594   123   58   65 47.4 22.5 24.9 6.93 154.6 42.3
1958   2 643   125   59   66 47.0 22.2 24.8 6.95 152.8 42.6
1959   2 694   126   59   67 46.7 21.9 24.8 6.98 150.9 42.8
1960   2 747   128   60   68 46.5 21.7 24.8 7.00 149.0 43.0
1961   2 816   130   60   70 46.3 21.4 24.9 7.02 147.2 43.3
1962   2 887   135   61   73 46.5 21.2 25.3 7.04 145.3 43.4
1963   2 948   137   62   75 46.4 21.0 25.4 7.07 143.5 43.7
1964   3 033   140   63   77 46.3 20.7 25.5 7.09 141.7 44.0
1965   3 118   147   69   77 46.9 22.2 24.7 7.11 146.0 42.0
1966   3 193   150   67   82 46.9 21.1 25.7 7.14 144.3 43.5
1967   3 274   155   70   85 47.1 21.3 25.8 7.16 145.5 43.3
1968   3 352   158   72   87 47.2 21.3 25.9 7.18 146.3 43.4
1969   3 424   163   75   88 47.5 21.7 25.7 7.22 147.4 42.9
1970   3 498   166   76   90 47.3 21.6 25.7 7.21 147.9 43.0
1971   3 582   170   78   92 47.5 21.7 25.8 7.21 148.2 43.0
1972   3 579   173   145 28 47.6 39.9 7.7 7.21 161.2 25.6
1973   3 571   165   93   72 46.3 26.1 20.2 7.22 151.5 37.3
1974   3 660   171   79   92 46.7 21.5 25.2 7.22 148.4 43.0
1975   3 749   178   81   97 47.4 21.6 25.8 7.24 148.2 43.0
1976   3 831   182   82   100 47.5 21.5 26.0 7.25 147.4 43.1
1977   3 927   187   83   104 47.7 21.2 26.5 7.25 145.4 43.5
1978   4 039   194   85   110 48.2 21.0 27.2 7.26 142.3 43.8
1979   4 137   203   85   118 48.9 20.4 28.5 7.31 137.9 44.6
1980   4 313   207   84   123 48.9 19.8 29.1 7.35 132.5 45.4
1981   4 491   228   86   142 50.5 19.1 31.4 7.33 126.5 46.4
1982   4 602   229   85   144 49.7 18.5 31.2 7.31 120.5 47.3
1983   4 727   235   85   150 49.5 17.8 31.7 7.30 115.0 48.1
1984   4 842   237   84   152 48.8 17.4 31.4 7.30 110.0 48.5
1985   4 948   241   86   155 48.3 17.2 31.2 7.29 106.2 48.5
1986   5 042   242   88   155 47.8 17.3 30.5 7.32 103.7 48.2
1987   5 158   245   91   155 47.5 17.6 29.9 7.38 102.3 47.5
1988   5 272   250   109   141 47.2 20.6 26.7 7.38 105.5 43.0
1989   5 374   253   101   153 46.9 18.6 28.3 7.39 102.4 45.6
1990   5 484   256   105   151 46.5 19.1 27.5 7.37 103.0 44.9
1991   5 595   259   109   150 46.1 19.4 26.7 7.34 103.7 44.2
1992   5 743   262   112   150 45.7 19.5 26.2 7.30 104.2 43.9
1993   5 555   272 147   125 46.0 24.9 21.1 7.27 108.6 37.1
1994   5 586   208   101   107 39.1 18.9 20.2 7.23 104.4 44.1
1995   5 933   266   113   154 44.5 18.8 25.7 7.18 104.6 44.1
1996   5 931   265   112   153 43.9 18.6 25.3 7.12 104.2 44.4
1997   5 924   250   105   145 41.9 17.6 24.2 7.04 102.1 45.4
1998   6 035   249   100   149 41.3 16.6 24.7 6.96 99.8 46.6
1999   6 180   260   99   161 42.0 16.0 26.0 6.90 97.4 47.5
2000   6 308   269   101   168 42.5 15.9 26.6 6.87 95.3 47.5
2001   6 466   277   99   178 42.9 15.3 27.6 6.85 92.4 48.4
2002   6 649   292   97   195 43.8 14.5 29.3 6.82 89.1 49.9
2003   6 861   305   96   209 44.5 14.0 30.5 6.79 86.0 50.9
2004   7 120   322   95   227 45.3 13.4 31.9 6.75 82.4 52.0
2005   7 389   340   95   245 46.0 12.8 33.2 6.71 78.6 53.0
2006   7 658   355   95   260 46.4 12.4 34.0 6.66 74.4 53.9
2007   7 945   369   94   275 46.5 11.9 34.7 6.59 70.3 54.7
2008   8 278   384   93   291 46.6 11.3 35.2 6.52 66.4 55.7
2009   8 709   402   94   308 46.7 10.9 35.8 6.41 62.8 56.4
2010   9 127   426   96   330 46.7 10.5 36.2 6.26 59.4 57.1
2011   9 456   432   96   336 45.6 10.1 35.5 6.11 56.2 57.8
2012   9 795   435   94   340 44.4 9.6 34.8 5.99 53.3 58.5
2013   10 150   441   93   347 43.4 9.2 34.2 5.89 50.6 59.2
2014   10 495   445   92   352 42.4 8.8 33.6 5.79 48.2 59.9
2015   10 727  448   93 355 41.3 8.6 32.8 5.70 46.3 60.2
2016   10 903 432   90   343 39.5 8.2 31.3 5.59 44.4 60.8
2017   11 156   427   87   340 38.1 7.8 30.4 5.48 42.8 61.6
2018   11 493   424   88   336 37.0 7.6 29.4 5.38 41.3 61.7
2019   11 875   431   87   344 36.3 7.4 29.0 5.27 39.9 62.4
2020   12 220   435   92   343 35.6 7.6 28.0 5.18 38.6 61.6
2021   12 551   438   94   344 34.8 7.5 27.4 5.08 37.5 61.7
  1. CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022[5]

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[6][7] [8]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1987 6.6 (5.3) 5.2 (4.2) 6.6 (5.4)
2010 44.5 6.4 (4.2) 37.3 4.8 (3.4) 45.3 6.6 (4.3)
2016-17 37.9 5.5 (3.6) 33.0 4.1 (3.0) 38.5 5.7 (3.7)

Fertility data as of 2010 (DHS Program):[7] The fertility rate in the Bujumbura Mairie Province fell to 3.7 by 2016-2017; the other regions were not aggregated in the report, for easy reference and comparison to the below chart.[8] Per the 2016-2017 report, the average number of desired children in Burundi, nationwide, by both men and women of 15 to 49 years of age who are either paired up or married, is 4 children or less, and slightly less for men than for women. Per the report, this suggests an excess fecundity (more children than desired) of 1.8 children per couple nationwide; 1.1 in urban areas (where 3.0 children are desired, and the fertility rate is 4.1) and 2.0 in rural areas (where 3.7 children are desired and the fertility rate is 5.7). However, the number of desired children appears to be based on the lowest-desired rate - that of paired but unmarried men (3.7 children) rather than the highest (4.0, desired by married women) or even an overall average.[8]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Bujumbura Mairie4.27.9%5.3
Nord6.710.1%6.4
Centre-Est6.310.5%6.6
Ouest7.111.7%7.2
Sud6.210.8%6.8

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[9]

  • One birth every 1 minutes
  • One death every 6 minutes
  • One net migrant every 288 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 1 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[10]

Population
12,696,478 (2022 est.)
12,241,065 (July 2021 est.)
10,742,276 (July 2015 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 58.6%, Protestant 35.3% (includes Adventist 2.7% and other Protestant 32.6%), Muslim 3.4%, other 1.3%, none 1.3% (2016-17 est.)

Age structure
Population pyramid of Burundi in 2020
0-14 years: 43.83% (male 2,618,868/female 2,581,597)
15-24 years: 19.76% (male 1,172,858/female 1,171,966)
25-54 years: 29.18% (male 1,713,985/female 1,748,167)
55-64 years: 4.17% (male 231,088/female 264,131)
65 years and over: 3.06% (male 155,262/female 207,899) (2020 est.)

Median age
Total: 17.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 217th
Male: 17.4 years
Female: 18.0 years (2020 est.)
Total: 17.0 years
Male: 16.8 years
Female: 17.2 years (2015 est.)

Population growth rate
3.63% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 4th
3.68% (2021 est.)
3.28% (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate
5.03 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 10th
5.1 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Birth rate
35.17 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 16th
35.48 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 16th

Death rate
5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 161st
6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate
7.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 12nd
7.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
4.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Population distribution

One of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil

Urbanization
urban population: 14.4% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 13.7% of total population (2020)
Rate of urbanization: 5.68% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth
21.5 years (2016/17 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-49
21.3 years (2010 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
total population: 67.42 years. Country comparison to the world: 190th
male: 65.32 years
female: 69.59 years (2022 est.)
Total population: 67.07 years Country comparison to the world: 150th
male: 64.98 years
female: 69.22 years (2021 est.)
Total population: 60.9 years
Male: 59.2 years
Female: 62.7 years (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 91.0
Youth dependency ratio: 86.4
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.5
Potential support ratio: 22.0 (2020 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate
28.5% (2016/17)

HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2019 est.) Country comparison to the world (37th)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 85,000 (2019 est.)
Deaths: 1,800 (2019 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight
27.2% (2018/2019)

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria and dengue fever
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Animal contact disease: rabies (2020)

Nationality
Noun: Burundian(s)
Adjective: Burundian

Ethnic groups
Main article: Ethnic groups in Burundi
Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 [11]

Religions
Main article: Religion in Burundi
Roman Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Islam 2.5%, Other 3.6%, Unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)

Languages
Further information: Languages of Burundi
Kirundi (official) only: 29.7%, French (official) only: 0.3%, Kirundi and French: 8.4%, Kurundi, French and English: 2.4%, Swahili only: 0.2%, other language combinations: 2%, unspecified: 56.9% (2008 est.)
NOTE: Data represents only languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal.

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 68.4%
Male: 76.3%
Female: 61.2% (2017 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2018)

Education expenditure
5.1% of GDP (2018)

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Burundi.
  1. "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  2. "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: Data Query". Esa.un.org. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  4. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  5. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 4109:4180, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09.
  6. "Enquête Démographique et de Santé au Burundi 1987" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  7. "Enquête Démographique et de Santé au Burundi ABCD" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  8. "Troisième Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Burundi de 2016-2017". Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  9. "Burundi Population 2019", World Population Review
  10. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The World FactBook - Burundi", The World Factbook, January 28, 2022
  11. "Africa :: BURUNDI". CIA The World Factbook. 14 April 2022. 2015 archived edition

Attribution: Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2023 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2008 edition)

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