Perieres (king of Messenia)

In Greek mythology, Perieres (Ancient Greek: Περιήρης) was the 'overbold'[1] king of Messene, an ancient polis in southern Peloponnese.

For other uses, see Perieres.

Biography

Perieres' parentage and offspring vary across ancient authors. In most sources, however, he was a son of King Aeolus[2] and Enarete, daughter of Deimachus. His siblings were Athamas, Cretheus, Deioneus, Magnes, Salmoneus, Sisyphus, Alycone, Calyce, Canace, Peisidice and Perimede.[1][3]

In some accounts, Perieres was called the son of Dioplethes, son of King Myrmidon of Phthia[4] and possibly Peisidice, daughter of Aeolus.

The Bibliotheca mentioned two different versions of Perieres' lineage or two distinct character named Perieres. In the first version, he could be a son of King Cynortas, the husband of Gorgophone, the famous daughter of Perseus, and the father of Tyndareus, Icarius, Aphareus and Leucippus.[5] Meanwhile, in the second story, Perieres could be a son of Aeolus and father of only two sons by Gorgophone, Aphareus and Leucippus. In this case, Tyndareus and Icarius, along with Hippocoon and Arene, would be the children of Oebalus, son of Perieres, the son of Cynortas; their mother being the nymph Bateia.[6] In addition, Polydora and Borus were also called his children.[7]

According to Pausanias, Gorgophone, the daughter of Perseus, was one of the first women who married twice.[8] She first married Perieres, king of Messene and son of Aeolus, and had by him sons Leucippus and Aphareus. After Perieres' death, she married Oebalus, king of Sparta and son of Cynortas, and had by him Tyndareus, Icarius and Arene. Pisus, son of Aphareus and founder of Pisa in Elis, in some versions of the myth, was one of Perieres' children.[9]

The scholia on Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica recounted that Perieres was the father of a certain Deidameia,[10] who was the mother of Iphiclus, Althaea and Leda by King Thestius of Pleuron, the son of Ares and Demonice. According to Hesiod, Halirrhotius was also called the son of Perieres.[11]

Comparative table of Perieres' family
Relation Name Sources
Homer Hesiod Isocrates Apollon. Apollodorus Pausanias Tzetzes
Iliad Sch. Cat. Sch. Arg. Lycoph.
Parents Dioplethes ✓
Aeolus ✓ ✓ ✓
Aeolus and Enarete ✓
Cynortas ✓ ✓
Wife Gorgophone ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Children Borus ✓ ✓
Halirrhothius ✓
Leucippus ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Tyndareus ✓ ✓ ✓
Deidameia ✓
Aphareus ✓ ✓ ✓
Icarius ✓ ✓
Oebalus ✓
Polydora ✓
Pisus ✓

Notes
  1. Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 4 as cited in Plutarch, Moralia p. 747; Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.263
  2. E.g. the Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 10(a).; Tzetzes on Lycophron, 284
  3. Apollodorus, 1.7.3
  4. Scholia on Homer, Iliad 16.177
  5. Tzetzes on Lycophron, 511
  6. Apollodorus, 3.10.3
  7. Apollodorus, 3.13.1 & 3.13.4
  8. Pausanias, 2.15-28
  9. Pausanias, 5.17.9
  10. Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 201
  11. Scholia on Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.83 quoted in Hesiod, Ehoiai fr. 64

References
  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Hesiod, Catalogue of Women from Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. Online version at theio.com
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
  • Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
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