Peripatoides

Peripatoides is a genus of velvet worms in the family Peripatopsidae, whose species are found in New Zealand. Like all velvet worms, these animals are nocturnal hunters that spit glue to trap their prey. Species of Peripatoides have 14, 15 or 16 pairs of legs.[1] This genus exhibits lecithotrophic ovoviviparity; that is, mothers in this genus produce and retain yolky eggs in their uteri.[2] The eggs are fertilized internally, and babies develop inside their mother until large enough to be born, in batches of 4-6, as colourless miniatures of the parents.[1] These live-bearing Peripatoides have dermal-haemocoelic sperm transfer - which means sperm dissolve holes in the skin of the female to enter the body (haemolymph) anywhere on the body wall of the female.[3]

Peripatoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Onychophora
Family: Peripatopsidae
Genus: Peripatoides
Pocock, 1894
Species

See text

Species

The genus contains the following species:[4]

The taxon with 15 pairs of legs from New Zealand, Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton 1876), is a species complex of at least five reproductively isolated taxa described in 1998.[5] These new species (Peripatoides aurorbis, Peripatoides kawekaensis, Peripatoides morgani and Peripatoides sympatrica Trewick, 1998) have no morphological characters that distinguish them although they are genetically differentiated.[6][5] Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876), and the cryptic species were considered nomina dubia by Oliveira et al., 2012 because type locations were identified not holotype specimens for P. novaezealandiae. However, the type material of the cryptic species are held at Te Papa Tongarewa Museum, eg.[7] There is debate about whether a species name should be recognized if a whole dead specimen is not held in a museum.[8][9]

In 2014 the New Zealand Department of Conservation also recognized:[10]

  • Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876)
  • Peripatoides aurorbis Trewick, 1998
  • Peripatoides morgani Trewick, 1998
  • Peripatoides sympatrica Trewick, 1998

References
  1. Trewick, Steven (2019). Wild Life New Zealand. New Zealand: Hand-in-Hand Press. ISBN 978-0-473-48320-3.
  2. Mayer, Georg; Franke, Franziska Anni; Treffkorn, Sandra; Gross, Vladimir; de Sena Oliveira, Ivo (2015), Wanninger, Andreas (ed.), "Onychophora", Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 3, Vienna: Springer Vienna, pp. 53–98, doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1865-8_4, ISBN 978-3-7091-1864-1, retrieved 2023-02-16
  3. Tutt, Karen; Daugherty, Charles H.; Gibbs, George W. (2002). "Differential life-history characteristics of male and female Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)". Journal of Zoology. 258 (2): 257–267. doi:10.1017/S095283690200136X. ISSN 1469-7998.
  4. Oliveira, I. S.; Read, V. M. S. J.; Mayer, G. (2012). "A world checklist of Onychophora (velvet worms), with notes on nomenclature and status of names". ZooKeys (211): 1–70. doi:10.3897/zookeys.211.3463. PMC 3426840. PMID 22930648. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  5. Trewick, Steven A. (1998). "Sympatric cryptic species in New Zealand Onychophora". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 63 (3): 307–329. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01520.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
  6. Trewick, S. A. (2000). "Mitochondrial DNA sequences support allozyme evidence for cryptic radiation of New Zealand Peripatoides (Onychophora)". Molecular Ecology. 9 (3): 269–281. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00873.x. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 10736025. S2CID 8637591.
  7. "Loading... | Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  8. Donegan, Thomas M. (2008). "New species and subspecies descriptions do not and should not always require a dead type specimen". Zootaxa. 1761 (1): 37–48. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1761.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334.
  9. Peterson, A. Townsend (2014). "Type specimens in modern ornithology are necessary and irreplaceableLos especímenes tipo en la ornitología moderna son necesarios e irremplazablesType specimens in modern ornithology". The Auk. 131 (3): 282–286. doi:10.1642/AUK-13-204.1. hdl:1808/16509. ISSN 0004-8038.
  10. New Zealand peripatus/ngaokeoke : current knowledge, conservation and future research needs. New Zealand. Department of Conservation, New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Ōtepoti/Dunedin Office. 2014. ISBN 9780478150094. OCLC 994631114.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

Further reading
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