Perleidus

Perleidus; Temporal range:
	Restoration of P. altolepis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Perleidiformes
Family:	†Perleididae
Genus:	†Perleidus; De Alessandri, 1911
Type species
	†Perleidus altolepis; (Deecke, 1889)
Other species
	†P. sinensis Lombardo et al., 2011;

Perleidus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. Fossils have been found in the Middle Triassic of Italy, Switzerland, and China.[1] The inclusion of Early Triassic species in the genus Perleidus was questioned.[2]

Ecology

Perleidus was a marine predatory fish, about 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in length. Its jaws hung vertically under the braincase, allowing them to open wide, a feature it shared with the earlier palaeonisciform fish, from which it may have been descended. Unlike those earlier fish, however, Perleidus and its relatives had highly flexible dorsal and anal fins, with a reduced number of fin rays. This would have made the fish more agile in the water.[3]

Classification

The genus Perleidus currently comprises two species: P. altolepis (type) and P. sinensis.[1]

The type species was originally described as Semionotus altolepis by Wilhelm Deecke. The genus Perleidus was later erected for this species, named after the comune (municipality) of Perledo in the Province of Lecco in Lombardy, northern Italy. Several species from the Early Triassic were subsequently referred to the genus Perleidus based on superficial resemblances. In 2017, a new genus, Teffichthys, was erected for Early Triassic species of "Perleidus".[2][4]

Perleidus is the name giving taxon for the family Perleididae and the order Perleidiformes.

References

Lombardo, C.; Sun, Z.-Y.; Tintori, A.; Jiang, D.-Y. & Hao, W.-C. (2011). "A new species of the genus Perleidus (Actinopterygii: Perleidiformes) from the Middle Triassic of Southern China". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 50 (2): 75–83. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2011.08.
Marramà, G.; Lombardo, C.; Tintori, A. & Carnevale, G. (2017). "Redescription of "Perleidus" (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Early Triassic of northwestern Madagascar". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 123 (2): 219–242. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/8328.
Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 36. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
Yuan, Z.; Xu, G.; Dai, X.; Wang, F.; Liu, X.; Jia, E.; Miao, L.; Song, H. (2022). "A new perleidid neopterygian fish from the Early Triassic (Dienerian, Induan) of South China, with a reassessment of the relationships of Perleidiformes". PeerJ. 10: e13448. doi:10.7717/peerj.13448. PMC 9121871. PMID 35602899.

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[Lombardo_et_al._2011-1] Lombardo, C.; Sun, Z.-Y.; Tintori, A.; Jiang, D.-Y. & Hao, W.-C. (2011). "A new species of the genus Perleidus (Actinopterygii: Perleidiformes) from the Middle Triassic of Southern China". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 50 (2): 75–83. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2011.08.

[Marramà_et_al._2017-2] Marramà, G.; Lombardo, C.; Tintori, A. & Carnevale, G. (2017). "Redescription of "Perleidus" (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Early Triassic of northwestern Madagascar". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 123 (2): 219–242. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/8328.

[EoDP-3] Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 36. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.

[4] Yuan, Z.; Xu, G.; Dai, X.; Wang, F.; Liu, X.; Jia, E.; Miao, L.; Song, H. (2022). "A new perleidid neopterygian fish from the Early Triassic (Dienerian, Induan) of South China, with a reassessment of the relationships of Perleidiformes". PeerJ. 10: e13448. doi:10.7717/peerj.13448. PMC 9121871. PMID 35602899.