Persicula

Persicula
	shell of Persicula cingulata
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Family:	Cystiscidae
Subfamily:	Persiculinae
Genus:	Persicula; Schumacher, 1817
Type species
	Persicula variabilis; Schumacher, 1817
Synonyms[1]
	Marginella (Persicula) Schumacher, 1817; Persicula (Rabicea) Gray, 1857;

Persicula is a taxonomic genus of minute to small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. It includes several species which are micromollusks.[1]

This genus is placed in the family Cystiscidae. It was previously in the family Marginellidae the margin snails. Both families are within the order Neogastropoda.

(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for more than half a century, and this is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all the ongoing changes, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications.)

Habitat

Species in this genus live from the intertidal zone to 370 m in depth.

Shell description

In this genus the shell is minute to small. It can be uniformly colored or white, and the color can be patterned. The shell is moderately thick to thick. The spire is usually immersed. The lip of the aperture is thickened, and weakly to strongly lirate.

An external varix can be present or absent. There is a distinct siphonal notch present and a posterior notch is also present. The columella is multiplicate, with 4 to 13 plications plus parietal lirae.

Description of soft parts

The animal has long tentacles, and the siphon is also usually long. The mantle appears not to extend completely over the external shell surface.

Species

The separation between the genera Persicula and Gibberula is not well-defined. It is based on morphological differences with the larger species (showing a complex color pattern) belonging to Persicula, while the smaller species (showing a banded or uniform color pattern) belong to Gibberula. Many species with characteristics that fall between the two extremes, are ambiguous. Up to now (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis to substantiate this rather arbitrary classification.[1]

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included within the genus Persicula :[1]

Persicula accola B. Roth & Coan, 1968
Persicula albomaculata (May, 1911)
Persicula bagne Faber, 2006[2]
Persicula bahamasensis Petuch, 2002[3]
Persicula bandera Coan & Roth, 1965
Persicula blanda Hinds, 1844
Persicula brinkae Bozzetti, 1993
Persicula calculus (Redfield, 1870)
Persicula canaryensis (Clover, 1972)[4]
Persicula chrysomelina (Redfield, 1848)
Persicula cingulata (Dillwyn, 1817)
Persicula cordorae Jong & Coomans, 1988[5]
Persicula cornea (Lamarck, 1822)[6]
Persicula danilai Bozzetti, 1992
Persicula deburghi A. Adams, 1864
Persicula denansiana Ancey, 1881
Persicula enolae Le Béon, 2014
Persicula frumentum (Sowerby I, 1832)
Persicula hennequini Boyer, Neefs & Wickfield, 1998[7]
Persicula hilli Smith, 1950
Persicula imbricata Hinds, 1844
Persicula ingridmariae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
Persicula interruptolineata (Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1816)[8]
Persicula janae T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
Persicula maculosa (Kiener, 1834)
Persicula maldiviana Cossignani, 2001[9]
Persicula margotae Le Béon, 2015
Persicula masirana Roth & Petit, 1972[10]
Persicula moretzsohni Coltro, 2020
Persicula multilineata Sowerby II, 1846
Persicula muralis Hinds, 1844
Persicula passamontii T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2019
Persicula persicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Persicula phrygia Sowerby III, 1846
Persicula porcellana Gmelin, 1791
Persicula pulcherrima Gaskoin, 1849
Persicula quemeneri Cossignani, 2001[9]
Persicula rashafuni Bozzetti, 1993
Persicula robusta Sowerby III, 1904
Persicula sagittata Hinds, 1844
Persicula shepstonensis Smith, 1906
Persicula tessellata (Lamarck, 1822)
Persicula testai Bozzetti, 1993
Persicula vanpeli Moolenbeek & van der Bijl, 2008
Persicula weberi Olsson & McGinty, 1958

Taxa inquirenda

Persicula adamsiana Pilsbry & Love, 1932
Persicula bulbulina Locard, 1897
Persicula crossei Vélain, 1877
Persicula glandina Vélain, 1877
Persicula polyodonta Vélain, 1877

Synonyms

Persicula alborubida Barnard, 1969: synonym of Cystiscus pseustes (E. A. Smith, 1904)
Persicula aldridgei Nowell-Usticke, 1969: synonym of Gibberula aldridgei (Nowell-Usticke, 1969) (original combination)
Persicula cassidiforme Gaskoin, 1853 : synonym of Pachybathron cassidiforme (Gaskoin, 1853)
Persicula catenata Montagu, 1803 : synonym of Gibberula catenata (Montagu, 1803)
Persicula chudeaui Bavay: synonym of Gibberula chudeaui (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1910)
Persicula cypraeoides Adams, 1845 : synonym of Pachybathron cypraeoides (Adams, C.B., 1845)
Persicula dalli Morretes, 1941: synonym of Archierato dalli (Morretes, 1941) (original combination)
Persicula dentiformis Thiele, 1930: synonym of Gibberula dentiformis (Thiele, 1930)
Persicula fluctuata Adams, 1850 : synonym of Gibberula fluctuata (Adams, 1850)
Persicula grisea Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Cryptospira grisea (Jousseaume, 1875) (original combination)
Persicula kienerianum Petit, 1838 : synonym of Pachybathron kieneriana (Petit de la Saussaye, S., 1838)
Persicula lucens Locard, 1897: synonym of Persicula blanda (Hinds, 1844)
Persicula lucida (Marrat, 1877): synonym of Hyalina lucida (Marrat, 1877)
Persicula maculata Swainson, 1840: synonym of Persicula persicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Persicula maldiviana T. Cossignani, 2001: synonym of Gibberula maldiviana (T. Cossignani, 2001) (original combination)
Persicula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Gibberula miliaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Persicula nigrocrocea Barnard, 1969: synonym of Plesiocystiscus aphanospira (Tomlin, 1913)
Persicula obesa (Redfield, 1846): synonym of Persicula tessellata (Lamarck, 1822)
Persicula persiculocingulata Tournier, 1997 : synonym of Persicula persicula (Linnaeus, C., 1758)
Persicula pisiformis Thiele, 1930: synonym of Cystiscus cymbalum (Tate, 1878) (junior synonym)
Persicula pulchella (Kiener, 1834): synonym of Gibberula pulchella (Kiener, 1834)
Persicula saharica Locard, 1897: synonym of Persicula blanda (Hinds, 1844)
Persicula tantilla Gould, 1860: synonym of Granulina tantilla (Gould, 1860) (original combination)
Persicula tayrona Diaz & Velasquez, 1987: synonym of Pachybathron tayrona Díaz, J.M. & Velasquez, 1987
Persicula thomensis (Tomlin, 1919): synonym of Gibberula thomensis (Tomlin, 1919)
Persicula variabilis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Persicula persicula (Linnaeus, 1758)

References

Persicula Schumacher, 1817. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137882 on 2010-12-05
Faber, M.J. (2006). "The genera Pachybathron and Persicula with the description of a new species of Persicula from French Guyana (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae)". Miscellanea Malacologica. 2 (2): 25–39.
Petuch, E.J. (2002). "New deep water gastropods from the Bimini Shelf, Bimini Chain, Bahamas". Ruthenica. 12 (1): 59–72.
Clover, P.W. (1972). "Two new species of Marginellidae from West Africa". Journal of Conchology. 27: 503–504.
De Jong, K.M.; Coomans, H.E. (1988). "Marine gastropods from Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire" (PDF). Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean islands. 214: 1–261. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1822). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome septième. Paris. pp. 1–711. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Boyer, F.; Neefs, J.; Wakefield, A. (1999). "A new species of Persicula from the Venezuelan region (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae)". Journal of Conchology. 36 (4): 15–20.
Megerle von Mühlfeld, Johann Carl (1816). "Beschreibung einiger neuen [sic] Conchylien". Gesellschaft der Naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde. 8 (1): 3–11, pls 1-2. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
Cossignani, T. (2001). "Descrizione di dieci nuove marginelle (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia, Marginellidae e Cystiscidae) della provincia Indo-Pacifica". Malacologia Mostra Mondiale. 35: 3–11.
Roth, B.; Petit, R.E. (1972). "A new species of Persicula from the Arabian Sea (Marginellidae)". The Nautilus. 86 (2–4): 80. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp

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[WoRMS-1] Persicula Schumacher, 1817. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137882 on 2010-12-05

[Faber2006-2] Faber, M.J. (2006). "The genera Pachybathron and Persicula with the description of a new species of Persicula from French Guyana (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae)". Miscellanea Malacologica. 2 (2): 25–39.

[Petuch2002-3] Petuch, E.J. (2002). "New deep water gastropods from the Bimini Shelf, Bimini Chain, Bahamas". Ruthenica. 12 (1): 59–72.

[Clover1972-4] Clover, P.W. (1972). "Two new species of Marginellidae from West Africa". Journal of Conchology. 27: 503–504.

[DeJongCoomans1988-5] De Jong, K.M.; Coomans, H.E. (1988). "Marine gastropods from Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire" (PDF). Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean islands. 214: 1–261. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

[Lamarck1822-6] Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1822). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome septième. Paris. pp. 1–711. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

[BoyerNeefsWakefield1999-7] Boyer, F.; Neefs, J.; Wakefield, A. (1999). "A new species of Persicula from the Venezuelan region (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae)". Journal of Conchology. 36 (4): 15–20.

[Mühlfeld1816-8] Megerle von Mühlfeld, Johann Carl (1816). "Beschreibung einiger neuen [sic] Conchylien". Gesellschaft der Naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde. 8 (1): 3–11, pls 1-2. Retrieved 5 July 2020.

[Cossignani2001-9] Cossignani, T. (2001). "Descrizione di dieci nuove marginelle (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia, Marginellidae e Cystiscidae) della provincia Indo-Pacifica". Malacologia Mostra Mondiale. 35: 3–11.

[RothPetit1972-10] Roth, B.; Petit, R.E. (1972). "A new species of Persicula from the Arabian Sea (Marginellidae)". The Nautilus. 86 (2–4): 80. Retrieved 7 July 2020.