Phags-pa (Unicode block)

Phags-pa is a Unicode block containing characters from the 'Phags-pa script promulgated as a national script by Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty. It was used primarily in writing Mongolian and Chinese, although it was intended for the use of all written languages of the Mongol Empire.

Phags-pa
RangeU+A840..U+A87F
(64 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsPhags Pa
Major alphabetsMongolian
Chinese
Assigned56 code points
Unused8 reserved code points
Unicode version history
5.0 (2006)56 (+56)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2]

Block
Phags-pa[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+A84x ꡀ ꡁ ꡂ ꡃ ꡄ ꡅ ꡆ ꡇ ꡈ ꡉ ꡊ ꡋ ꡌ ꡍ ꡎ ꡏ
U+A85x ꡐ ꡑ ꡒ ꡓ ꡔ ꡕ ꡖ ꡗ ꡘ ꡙ ꡚ ꡛ ꡜ ꡝ ꡞ ꡟ
U+A86x ꡠ ꡡ ꡢ ꡣ ꡤ ꡥ ꡦ ꡧ ꡨ ꡩ ꡪ ꡫ ꡬ ꡭ ꡮ ꡯ
U+A87x ꡰ ꡱ ꡲ ꡳ ꡴ ꡵ ꡶ ꡷
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

The block has six variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3] They use U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1 (VS01):

Variation sequences for reversed shaping
U+A856A85CA85EA85FA860A868
base code pointꡖꡜꡞꡟꡠꡨ
base + VS01ꡖ︀ꡜ︀ꡞ︀ꡟ︀ꡠ︀ꡨ︀

Note that four vowel letters have positional variants:

Positional forms of I, U, E, and O
Character Orientation Isolate Initial Medial Final
U+A85E PHAGS-PA LETTER I regular ꡞ ꡞ‍ ‍ꡞ‍ ‍ꡞ
reversed ꡞ︀ ꡞ︀‍ ‍ꡞ︀‍ ‍ꡞ︀
U+A85F PHAGS-PA LETTER U regular ꡟ ꡟ‍ ‍ꡟ‍ ‍ꡟ
reversed ꡟ︀ ꡟ︀‍ ‍ꡟ︀‍ ‍ꡟ︀
U+A860 PHAGS-PA LETTER E regular ꡠ ꡠ‍ ‍ꡠ‍ ‍ꡠ
reversed ꡠ︀ ꡠ︀‍ ‍ꡠ︀‍ ‍ꡠ︀
U+A861 PHAGS-PA LETTER O regular ꡡ ꡡ‍ ‍ꡡ‍ ‍ꡡ

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Phags-pa block:

VersionFinal code points[lower-alpha 1]CountL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
5.0U+A840..A87756L2/00-055N2163 (pdf, doc)Sato, T. K. (2000-01-06), Soyombo and Pagba (old Mongol scripts)
L2/03-224Baxter, William H. (2003-07-10), Email on 'Phags-pa
L2/03-246Quejingzhabu; West, Andrew (2003-08-12), Letter commenting on Phags-pa encoding
L2/03-269West, Andrew; Fynn, Christopher (2003-08-16), E-mail questions and answers on Phags-pa encoding
L2/03-229R3N2622West, Andrew (2003-09-18), Proposal to encode the Phags-pa script
L2/03-366N2666Principles on Encoding Phags-pa Script, 2003-10-20
L2/03-374West, Andrew (2003-10-22), Response to N2666 (Principles on Encoding Phags-pa Script)
N2912Constable, Peter (2004-01-22), Open Issues on Phags-pa Encoding
L2/04-085N2706Summary of Voting on ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3696 : Project Subdivision Proposal for ISO/IEC 10646: 2003/Amendment 1, 2004-02-03
L2/04-112N2719West, Andrew (2004-03-10), Response to Comments on Phags-pa Proposal in N2706
L2/04-134N2745HPhags-pa script encoding, 2004-04-02
L2/04-174N2771West, Andrew (2004-06-01), Comments on Chinese-Mongolian joint proposal to encode the Hphags-pa script (N2475)
L2/04-275N2829Chen, Zhuang; Jia, La Sen; He, Xi Ge Du Ren; Tumurtogoo, Domi; Everson, Michael; Sekiguchi; Constable, Peter; Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2004-06-22), Consensus on the encoding of the Phags-pa script in the PDAM code chart
L2/04-414N2870Summary of the Revised User's Agreement Related to Phags-pa Script, 2004-10-25
L2/04-412N2869Proposal to Encode the Phags-Pa Script, 2004-11-17
L2/04-413N2869cCover letter to Updated proposal to encode the Phags-pa Script, 2004-11-17
L2/04-415N2871Some Problems on the Encoding of the Phags-pa Script, 2004-11-17
L2/05-036N2922Consensus on Encoding Phags-pa Script, 2005-01-25
L2/05-059Whistler, Ken (2005-02-03), "1. Phags-pa", WG2 Consent Docket, Part 2: Unicode 5.0 Issues
L2/05-026Moore, Lisa (2005-05-16), "WG2 - Unicode 5.0 Consent Docket (B.1.16)", UTC #102 Minutes
L2/05-219N2964A User's Agreement Related to Phags-pa Script, 2005-08-05
L2/05-255N2972West, Andrew (2005-08-17), Glyph Forms for PHAGS-PA LETTER YA and PHAGS-PA LETTER ALTERNATE YA
L2/05-257N2979West, Andrew (2005-09-01), Phags-pa Glyphs
L2/05-270Whistler, Ken (2005-09-21), "F. Phags-pa Glyphs", WG2 Consent Docket (Sophia Antipolis)
L2/05-279Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Consensus 105-C29", UTC #105 Minutes
N2953 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "7.2.1", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15
L2/12-360Esfahbod, Behdad; Pournader, Roozbeh (2012-11-05), Mongolian and 'Phags-Pa Shaping
L2/12-343R2Moore, Lisa (2012-12-04), "B.14.5 Mongolian Shaping", UTC #133 Minutes
L2/13-146N4435Suignard, Michel (2013-05-27), Presentation of vertical scripts
L2/13-132Moore, Lisa (2013-07-29), "B.1.7 Presentation of vertical scripts", UTC #136 Minutes
N4403 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2014-01-28), "11.1.2 Presentation of Vertical scripts (Mongolian and Phags-pa)", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 61, Holiday Inn, Vilnius, Lithuania; 2013-06-10/14
L2/18-278Dyi-Yuaan, Lo (2018-08-30), A Glyph Error of 'Phags-pa Alternate YA (U+A86D)
L2/18-280N5012West, Andrew (2018-08-30), Discussion of 'Glyph Error of 'Phags-pa Alternate YA'
L2/18-272Moore, Lisa (2018-10-29), "C.5.1 A Glyph Error of 'Phags-pa Alternate YA (U+A86D)", UTC #157 Minutes
  1. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

References
  1. "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
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