Phalotris

Phalotris is a genus of snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. All species of the genus Phalotris are found in South America.[1] The specific name, mertensi, is in honor of German herpetologist Robert Mertens.[2] The specific name, normanscotti, is in honor of Norman Scott, Jr., in recognition of his contribution to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of Paraguay.[3]

Phalotris
Phalotris matogrossensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Subfamily: Dipsadinae
Genus: Phalotris
Cope, 1862

Venom

The venom of this genus was poorly characterized, due to the low amount produced by Colubridae, a more detailed characterization of particularly interesting proteins could only be viable by obtaining recombinant proteins, but there is a report of an accident by a Phalotris, which resulted in headache, local and oral mucosa hemorrhage, edema and renal failure. Another accident report occurred with a 37-year-old biologist, whose symptoms were immediate local pain, bleeding and edema, a few hours later there was headache, systemic hemorrhage, fever, myalgia and dark urine. A study of the venom of Phalotris mertensi showed a myotoxic action 3 times greater than Bothrops jararaca.[4][5]

Species

The following 19 species are recognized as being valid.[1]

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Phalotris.

References
  1. Genus Phalotris at The Reptile Database.
  2. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Phalotris mertensi, p. 176).
  3. "Phalotris normanscotti ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  4. "O27-Envenomation by Phalotris trilineatus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A case report". www.jvat.org.br. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  5. "Trends in the Evolution of Snake Toxins Underscored by an Integrative Omics Approach to Profile the Venom of the Colubrid Phalotris mertensi".
  6. Smith, Paul; Brouard, Jean-Paul; Cacciali, Pier (2022-03-07). "A new species of Phalotris (Serpentes, Colubridae, Elapomorphini) from Paraguay". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 98 (1): 77–85. doi:10.3897/zse.98.61064. Retrieved 2022-05-23.

Further reading
  • Cope ED (1862). "Observations upon certain Cyprinoid fish in Pennsylvania; on Elapomorphus, Sympholis, and Coniophanes ". Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 522–524. (Phalotris, new genus, p. 524).
  • Cacciali, P., Mee, G., Plettenberg Laing, A., Krause, D., Mclaughlin, C., Montgomery, R. and Smith, P. (2020). "Morphological Re-Examination of the Endemic Paraguayan Snake Phalotris nigrilatus Ferrarezzi, 1993 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Elapomorphini), with Notes on Its Ecology and Conservation Status." Current Herpetology, 39(1), 28–37. www.herpco.com
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