Picophagea

Picophagea, also known as Synchromophyceae, is a class of photosynthetic stramenopiles.[1][3][4] The chloroplast of the Synchromophyceae are surrounded by two membranes and arranged in a way where they share the outer pair of membranes. The entire chloroplast complex is surrounded by an additional two outer membranes.[2]

Picophagea
Chlamydomyxa montana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Gyrista
Subphylum: Ochrophytina
Superclass: Limnistia
Class: Picophagea
Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017 [1]
Orders
Synonyms

Synchromophyceae S.Horn & C.Wilhelm 2007[2]

Evolution

Synchromophyceae or Picophagea is a clade within the Ochrophyta that contains a few genera of amoeboid organisms such as the mixotrophic Synchromonas and the heterotrophic Chlamydomyxa, Leukarachnion and Picophagus.[5] It is phylogenetically close to the classes Chrysophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae, within the SII clade.[6]

Ochrophyta
SIII

Bacillariophyceae

Pelagophyceae

Dictyochophyceae

SI

Raphidophyceae

Xanthophyceae

Phaeophyceae

SII

Olisthodiscophyceae

Pinguiophyceae

Limnistia

Synchromophyceae

Chrysophyceae

Eustigmatophyceae

Taxonomy

According to AlgaeBase, the class contains only two genera:[7]

  • Class Picophagea Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017 [=Synchromophyceae S.Horn & C.Wilhelm 2007]
    • Order Synchromales Horn & Ehlers 2007
    • Order Chlamydomyxales
      • Family Chlamydomyxaceae
        • Genus Chlamydomyxa Archer 1875

However, the latest revision recognizes an additional four genera: Chrysopodocystis, Guanochroma, Leukarachnion and Picophagus.[1]

References
  1. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
  2. Horn, Susanne; Ehlers, Katrin; Fritzsch, Guido; Gil-Rodríguez, María Candelaria; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (July 2007). "Synchroma grande spec. nov. (Synchromophyceae class. nov., Heterokontophyta): An Amoeboid Marine Alga with Unique Plastid Complexes". Protist. 158 (3): 277–293. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.02.004. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17567535.
  3. Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLOS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
  4. Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL Archives-ouvertes: 1–462
  5. Schmidt, Maria; Horn, Susanne; Flieger, Kerstin; Ehlers, Katrin; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (2012). "Synchroma pusillum sp. nov. and other New Algal Isolates with Chloroplast Complexes Confirm the Synchromophyceae (Ochrophyta) as a Widely Distributed Group of Amoeboid Algae". Protist. 163 (4): 544–559. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.009.
  6. Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2 March 2021). "Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta". Journal of Phycology. 57 (4): 1094–1118. doi:10.1111/jpy.13155. hdl:10852/86515. PMID 33655496.
  7. Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2016). "Synchromophyceae". AlgaeBase. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
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