Plzeň dialect

If two forms of a word are written, the first one is dialectal and second one is standard Czech form.

• Masculine animate nouns end with -í in nominative plural, instead of standard -é, even corresponding numerals and pronouns are pronounced longer: dvá klucí/dva kluci (two boys), vobá hokejistí/oba hokejisté (both hockey players), tří chlapí/tři chlapi (three men), hostí/hosté (guests).
• Sound a is lengthened in last syllables of some genitive plural nouns (vrát, kuřát).
• Nouns in other cases are often shortened. Plural locative of nouns of hard patterns ends with -ach: vo klukach/o klucích (about boys), vozach/vozech(wagons), kozach/kozách (goats), prknach/prknech (boards).
• Soft-declined masculine and feminine nouns have plural locative ending -ech: vo pekařech/o pekařích (about bakers), nožech/nožích (knives), nohavicech|nohavicích (trouser legs), kostěch|kostích (bones).
• Dative plural ending is -om, especially in masculine nouns (k učitelom/učitelům (to teachers), stromkom/stromkům (little trees), kravom|kravám (cows), kuřatom/kuřatům (chickens).
• Case endings of kost andrůže feminine nouns are same, e.g. in genitive singular: do práci/do práce (to the work), pytel pšenici/pytel pšenice (sack of wheat), bez mrkvi/bez mrkve (without carrot), nominative plural: kostě/kosti (bones), zdě/zdi (walls), noce/noci (nights).
• The -u ending in dative singular of pán masculine pattern is more common than in other dialects or standard Czech: k doktoru/k doktorovi (to a doctor).
• Names of families end with -ojc (Novákovojc/Novákovi), they are often indeclinable and used as surnames coined with names (Jirka Bláhojc).
• Possessive adjectives end, in all genders and cases, with -ovo: tátovo/tátova košile (dad's shirt), v dědovo domě/v dědově domu (in granddad's house), or -ino (sestřino děti/sestřiny děti - sister's children).
• The sk suffix of adjectives changes to ck after n, l and sometimes also after another consonants: panský > pancký (atristocratic), selský > selcký (rural).
• Genitive and a dative/feminine singular forms of nouns of hard patterns have different endings: z tý druhý stran/z té druhé strany (from the other side), na tej druhej straně/na té druhé straně).
• Pronouns já (I) and ty (you, informal singular) exchnages genitive/accusative and dative forms: nezlob mi/nezlob mě (don't play me up), dám tě to/dám ti to (I will give it to you), já se ti bojim/já se tě bojím (I'm afraid of you), sometimes even reflexive pronouns si and se undergo this exchange.
• Endings of locative singular of masculine and neuter hard-declined pronouns merge into each other: vo tom našom/o tom našem (about the ours), v čom/v čem (in what), vo ňom/o něm (about him), vo všom/o všem (abuout everything).
• Demonstrative pronouns and adverbs, that express closeness of things, start with tu-/tů-: tůten, tůta, tůto/tento,tato,toto (this - masculine, feminine, neuter), tudlecto/tohle (this one), tůtady/tady, zde (here).
• Interrogative expressions take -pa postfix: copa/co (what), kudypa/kudy (which way), in the kd- prefix, k is omitted (depa/kde = where), or pronounced as h (hdopa).
• Infinitive of class I verbs with -t- or -d- stem ends with -ect: ject/jet (to go by something), vect/vézt (to lead/transport), pect/péct (to bake), or -est: nest/nést (to carry/bear).
• Infinitive of some verbs shows change of á to í in the middle of the word: hřít/hřát (to give warmth), zapříst/zapřáhnout (to hitch), tříst/třást (to shake/shiver), zíbst/zábst (to chill somebody).

In some villages around Plzeň, but not in Plzeň itself, some prepositions were used in doubled forms (zez/z = from, vev/v = in). This feature mostly disappeared in the 1960s and 1970s[1] but many people associate the preposition ″zez″ with the form of speech used in Plzeň and use, mostly derisively,[1] it in the phrase ″zez Plzně″ (from Plzeň, which is ″z Plzně″ in standard speech).

• Broader pronunciation of á (æ).
• Reduced pronunciation of i, yneighboring with l, n, ň, often in -il participles of IV class verbs: mlynář > mlnář (miller), zednik > zedňәk (bricklayer), obecní > obecňә (municipal), učil > učәl (he taught).
• The í sound after sharp sibilants is retained, diphthongisation of common Czech does not occur, : cítit/cejtit (to feel), sítko/sejtko (sieve), vozík/vozejk (cart).
• The e sound is changed to a in the middle of some words, especially after soft consonants preceding the hard ones: čep > čap (pivot), jehla > jahla (needle), sršeň > sršán (hornet), vřes > břasa (heather).
• The o vowel is changed to u inside some words: poklička > puklička (lid), kolík > kulík (peg), bota > bůta (shoe), potřebovat > potřebuvat (to need).
• The ů sound (old Czech ó) is sometimes changed to o: kůlna > kolna (shed), kůzle > kozle (baby goat), lůj > loj (tallow), růst > rost (to grow).
• Excessive diphthongisation of ou instead of ó in soe words: tůň > touně (water hole), pluh > plouh (plough); even in past particple form: usnul > usnoul (he fell asleep).
• Au in some foreign words is replaced with ou: auto > outo (car).
• Some monosyllabic pmasculine nouns have a lengthened a sound: kráj/kraj (region), spláv/splav (weir), hád/had (snake), this feature can be also found in some adverbs (tám/tam, there).
• Some two syllable feminine nouns contain í in their first syllables, which arose by lengthening: slína/slina (saliva), kníha/kniha (book), vína/vina (guilt) or by umlaut: řepa > řípa (beet), pěna > pína (foam).
• Prothetic h before ň, r, ř,: almara > halmara (wardrobe), udit > hudit (to smoke a food), jíva > híva (great sallow), nízký > hnízký (low), ryzec > hryzec (milkcap).
• Epenthesis of j before ť, ď in closed syllables: ať > ajť (so that), teď > tejď (now), paměť > pamějť (memory), buď > bujď (either).
• Prothetic stř sis simplified to tř: střída > třída (crumb), střecha > třecha (roof), střapec > třapec (tassel), stříká > tříká (he/she/it is splashing).
• The g sound is replaced by k in some foreign words: brigáda > brikáda (temporary job), guláš > kuláš, guma > kuma (rubber).
• The regresive assimilation of voiced consonants: s matkou > z matkou (with mother), s vodou > z vodou (with water).

• The word než (meaning usually than in standard Czech) is also used to express exclusiveness (whicch is expressed by jen or jenom in standard Czech), for example: tady roste než/jen(om) křoví (only bushes grow there).
• Constructions like mrznout nemrzne (it's not freezing here, literally to freeze, it freezes not).

Plzeň dialect features a type of intonation called Plzeň singing (Czech:plzeňské zpívání), which is a strong accent at the end of imperative and exclamative clauses and Wh questions. The accent rises and then falls to a main part of utterance: Dejte to na stůl! (Give it on the table!); Kdepa jsi byla? (Where were you?). The highewst point of an accent is at the penultimate syllable.[2]