Polymastia (sponge)

Polymastia is a genus of sea sponges containing about 30 species.[1] These are small to large encrusting or dome-shaped sponges with a smooth surface having many teat-shaped projections (papillae). In areas of strong wave action, this genus does not grow the teat structures, but instead grows in a corrugated form.[2]

Polymastia
The sponge Polymastia boletiformis, Scilly Isles, UK.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Polymastiida
Family: Polymastiidae
Genus: Polymastia
Bowerbank, 1863
Species

70+, see text

Synonyms
List
  • Pencillaria Gray, 1867
  • Polymastica [lapsus]
  • Rinalda Schmidt, 1870
  • Sideroderma Lendenfeld, 1883
  • Trichostemma Sars, 1869

Species

The following species are recognised:[3]

  • Polymastia actinioides Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia affinis Thiele, 1898
  • Polymastia agglutinans Ridley & Dendy, 1886
  • Polymastia andrica de Laubenfels, 1949
  • Polymastia arctica (Merejkowsky, 1878)
  • Polymastia atlantica Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
  • Polymastia aurantia Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia azorica Lévi & Vacelet, 1958
  • Polymastia bartletti de Laubenfels, 1942
  • Polymastia bicolor Carter, 1886
  • Polymastia boletiformis (Lamarck, 1815)
  • Polymastia bouryesnaultae Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
  • Polymastia clavata Burton, 1959
  • Polymastia conigera Bowerbank, 1874
  • Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
  • Polymastia crassa Carter, 1886
  • Polymastia craticia Hallmann, 1912
  • Polymastia crocea Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia dendyi Whitelegge, 1897
  • Polymastia disclera Lévi, 1964
  • Polymastia echinus Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia ectofibrosa Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994
  • Polymastia fluegeli Lehnert, Stone & Heimler, 2005
  • Polymastia fordei Lehnert & van Soest, 1999
  • Polymastia fusca Bergquist, 1961
  • Polymastia gemmipara Dendy, 1916
  • Polymastia granulosa Brøndsted, 1924
  • Polymastia grimaldi (Topsent, 1913)
  • Polymastia harmelini Boury-Esnault & Bézac, 2007
  • Polymastia hemisphaerica (Sars, 1872)
  • Polymastia hirsuta Bergquist, 1968
  • Polymastia hispidissima Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia inflata Cabioch, 1968
  • Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907
  • Polymastia isidis Thiele, 1905
  • Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
  • Polymastia koltuni Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
  • Polymastia kurilensis Koltun, 1962
  • Polymastia laganoides Lambe, 1895
  • Polymastia littoralis Stephens, 1915
  • Polymastia lorum Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia maeandria Wilson, 1904
  • Polymastia mamillaris (Müller, 1806)
  • Polymastia martae Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994
  • Polymastia massilis Carter, 1886
  • Polymastia megasclera , 1934
  • Polymastia murrayi Burton, 1959
  • Polymastia nigra Alcolado, 1984
  • Polymastia nivea (Hansen, 1885)
  • Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932
  • Polymastia pacifica Lambe, 1893
  • Polymastia paupera Fristedt, 1887
  • Polymastia penicillus (Montagu, 1814)
  • Polymastia pepo Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia piscesae Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa & McDaniel, 2014
  • Polymastia polytylota Vacelet, 1969
  • Polymastia radiosa Bowerbank, 1866
  • Polymastia rara Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia rubens Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia simplicissima Thiele, 1898
  • Polymastia sola Pulitzer-Finali, 1983
  • Polymastia spinula Bowerbank, 1866
  • Polymastia svenseni Plotkin, Gerasimova & Rapp, 2018
  • Polymastia tenax Pulitzer-Finali, 1986
  • Polymastia thielei Koltun, 1964
  • Polymastia tissieri (Vacelet, 1961)
  • Polymastia toporoki Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia tropicalis Lévi, 1967
  • Polymastia tubulifera Dendy, 1922
  • Polymastia uberrima (Schmidt, 1870)
  • Polymastia umbraculum Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia varia Verrill, 1907
  • Polymastia villosa Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
  • Polymastia zitteli (Lendenfeld, 1888)

References
  1. Boury-Esnault, N.; van Soest, R. (2016). Polymastia Bowerbank, 1862. In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17.
  2. Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E. 2010. Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa ISBN 978-1-77007-772-0
  3. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Polymastia Bowerbank, 1862". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
  • North East Atlantic Taxa
  • Michelle Kelly-Borges; Patricia R. Bergquist (1997). "Revision of Southwest Pacific Polymastiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida) with descriptions of new species of Polymastia Bowerbank, Tylexocladus Topsent, and Acanthopolymastia gen. nov. from New Zealand and the Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 31 (3): 367–402. doi:10.1080/00288330.1997.9516772.


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