President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
The office of leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) was first established in 1919 under the name "Political Secretary of the Central Committee". However, in reality, power in this period was shared with the "Organisational Secretary of the Central Committee". When the office of political secretary changed its name in November 1936 to "General Secretary of the Central Committee", the position became more powerful. It kept that name until its abolishment on 4 October 1966, when it was replaced by the "President of the Central Committee". This office lasted until 4 May 1980, when it was abolished and replaced with the "President of the Presidency of the Central Committee". In the period 1919–1980, the leader presided over the work of the LCY Presidency and the LCY Central Committee, and from 1980 until 26 May 1990, the leader presided over the work of the presidency alongside the presidency secretary. The officeholder was the de facto leader of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |
---|---|
Serbo-Croatian: Председник председништва Савеза комуниста Југославије, Predsjednik predsjedništva Saveza komunista Jugoslavije Slovene: Predsednik Predsedstva Zveze komunistov Jugoslavije Macedonian: Претседател на Претседателството на Сојузот на комунистите на Југославија | |
![]() ![]() Emblem of the Party | |
Seat | Ušće Towers, Belgrade (1965–1990) |
Appointer | Central Committee |
Precursor | Collective leadership (1919–1934) |
Formation | December 1934 |
First holder | Milan Gorkić[lower-alpha 1] |
Final holder | Miomir Grbović[lower-alpha 2] (acting) |
Abolished | 26 May 1990 |
The longest serving officeholder was Josip Broz Tito, serving from 1939[lower-alpha 3] to his death in 1980.[2]
Office history
Title | Established | Abolished | Established by |
---|---|---|---|
Political Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia | 23 April 1919 | November 1936 | 1st Congress of the Socialist Labour Party of Yugoslavia (Communists) |
Organisational Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia | 23 April 1919 | October 1937 | 1st Congress of the Socialist Labour Party of Yugoslavia (Communists) |
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia | November 1936 | 4 October 1966 | Decision of the Communist International |
President of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 4 October 1966 | 4 May 1980 | 5th Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the 8th Congress |
President of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia | 4 May 1980 | 26 May 1990 | 11th Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee |
Collective leadership (1919–1937)
Political Secretary
No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Term of office | Birth | PM | Death | Ethnicity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
Filip Filipović | 23 April 1919 | August 1921 | 2 years, 100 days | 1st–2nd (1919–1926) |
1878 | 1919 | 1938 | Serb | [3] |
2 | ![]() |
Sima Marković | 1920 | 1922 | 2 years, 0 days | 2nd (1920–1926) |
1888 | 1919 | 1939 | Serb | [4] |
3 | ![]() |
Triša Kaclerović | 1924 | 1925 | 1 year, 0 days | 2nd (1920–1926) |
1879 | 1919 | 1964 | Serb | [5] |
2 | ![]() |
Sima Marković | 22 May 1926 | 1927 | 224 days | 2nd (1920–1926) |
1888 | 1919 | 1939 | Serb | [4] |
4 | ![]() |
Đuro Cvijić | 1927 | 15 November 1928 | 1 year, 319 days | 3rd (1920–1926) |
1896 | 1919 | 1938 | Croat | [6] |
5 | ![]() |
Jovan Mališić | 15 November 1928 | 1931 | 2 years, 47 days | 4th (1928–1948) |
1902 | 1919 | 1939 | Montenegrin | [7] |
1 | ![]() |
Filip Filipović | 1931 | 1932 | 1 year, 0 days | 4th (1928–1948) |
1878 | 1919 | 1938 | Serb | [3] |
6 | ![]() |
Milan Gorkić | December 1934 | 23 October 1937 | 2 years, 326 days | 4th (1928–1948) |
1886 | 1919 | 1937 | Croat | [8] |
Organisational Secretary
No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Term of office | Birth | PM | Death | Ethnicity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
Vladimir Ćopić | 23 April 1919 | August 1921 | 2 years, 100 days | 1st–2nd (1919–1926) |
1891 | 1919 | 1939 | Serb | [9] |
2 | ![]() |
Radomir Vujović | 22 May 1926 | 1927 | 224 days | 3rd (1926–1928) |
1895 | 1925 | 1938 | Serb | [10] |
3 | ![]() |
Jakob Žorga | 1927 | 15 November 1928 | 1 year, 319 days | 3rd (1926–1928) |
1888 | 1919 | 1942 | Slovene | [11] |
4 | ![]() |
Đuro Đaković | 15 November 1928 | August 1930 | 1 year, 259 days | 4th (1928–1948) |
1886 | 1919 | 1929 | Croat | [8] |
5 | ![]() |
Antun Mavrak | August 1930 | April 1932 | 1 year, 244 days | 4th (1928–1948) |
1899 | 1924 | 1938 | Croat | [10] |
6 | ![]() |
Josip Broz Tito | 1936 | 1937 | 1 year, 0 days | 4th (1928–1948) |
1892 | 1919 | 1980 | Croat | [12] |
Officeholders (1939–1990)
No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Tenure | Term of office | Birth | PM | Death | Branch | Ethnicity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
Josip Broz Tito | 5 January 1939 | 4 May 1980 | 41 years, 120 days | 4th–11th (1928–1982) |
1892 | 1919 | 1980 | Not made public | Croat | [12] |
2 | ![]() |
Stevan Doronjski | 4 May 1980 | 20 October 1980 | 169 days | 11th (1978–1982) |
1919 | 1939 | 1981 | Vojvodina | Serb | [13] |
3 | ![]() |
Lazar Mojsov | 20 October 1980 | 20 October 1981 | 1 year | 11th (1978–1982) |
1920 | 1940 | 2011 | Macedonia | Macedonian | [14] |
4 | ![]() |
Dušan Dragosavac | 20 October 1981 | 29 June 1982 | 252 days | 11th (1978–1982) |
1919 | 1940 | 2014 | Croatia | Serb | [15] |
5 | ![]() |
Mitja Ribičič | 29 June 1982 | 30 June 1983 | 1 year, 1 day | 12th (1982–1986) |
1919 | 1941 | 2013 | Slovenia | Slovene | [16] |
6 | ![]() |
Dragoslav Marković | 30 June 1983 | 26 June 1984 | 362 days | 12th (1982–1986) |
1920 | 1939 | 2005 | Serbia | Serb | [17] |
7 | ![]() |
Ali Sukrija | 26 June 1984 | 25 June 1985 | 364 days | 12th (1982–1986) |
1919 | 1939 | 2005 | Kosovo | Albanian | [18] |
8 | ![]() |
Vidoje Žarković | 25 June 1985 | 28 June 1986 | 1 year, 3 days | 12th (1982–1986) |
1927 | 1943 | 2000 | Montenegro | Montenegrin | [19] |
9 | ![]() |
Milanko Renovica | 28 June 1986 | 30 June 1987 | 1 year, 2 days | 13th (1986–1990) |
1928 | 1947 | 2013 | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Serb | [20] |
10 | ![]() |
Boško Krunić | 28 June 1987 | 30 June 1988 | 1 year, 2 days | 13th (1986–1990) |
1929 | 1945 | 2017 | Vojvodina | Serb | [21] |
11 | ![]() |
Stipe Šuvar | 30 June 1988 | 17 May 1989 | 321 days | 13th (1986–1990) |
1936 | 1955 | 2004 | Croatia | Croat | [22] |
12 | ![]() |
Milan Pančevski | 17 May 1989 | 17 May 1990 | 1 year, 0 days | 13th (1986–1990) |
1935 | 1957 | 2019 | Macedonia | Macedonian | [23] |
13 | ![]() |
Miomir Grbović (acting) |
17 May 1990 | 26 May 1990 | 9 days | Post-14th Congress (1990) |
1926 | ? | ? | Montenegro | Montenegrin | [24] |
Notes
- Was elected Political Secretary of the Central Committee in 1934, and the office was renamed General Secretary in November 1936.
- As President of the Presidency.
- Because he began serving the function as the party's acting general secretary in August 1937, the official 40th anniversary of Tito's assumption of the party leadership was held through Yugoslavia in May 1977, coinciding the date with the annual observance of the Youth Day and Relay of Youth in the country.[1]
References
- Michael Dobbs (26 May 1977). "At 85, Tito Looks Healthy and Wealthy, Is Called Wise". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- Michael Dobbs (5 May 1980). "President Tito Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- Drachkovitch 1973, pp. 99–100.
- Drachkovitch 1973, pp. 259–260.
- Banac 2018, p. 52.
- "Cvijić, Đuro" [Cvijić, Đuro]. Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
- Radoš, Ivica (16 December 2020). "Cinkanjem i preko leševa do šefa KPJ" [Snitching and over corpses to the head of the CPJ]. Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- Tito 1980, p. 147.
- Pavlaković, Vjeran (16 December 2020). "Cultural Memory of Yugoslav Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War". European Observatory on Memories. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- Drachkovitch 1973, pp. 431–432.
- Tito 1982, p. 325.
- Banac, Ivo. "Josip Broz Tito: president of Yugoslavia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 132.
- Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, pp. 413–414 ; Stroynowski 1989b, p. 796.
- Stroynowski 1989a, p. 257.
- "Ribičič, Mitja (1919–2013)" [Ribičič, Mitja (1919–2013)] (in Slovenian). Slovenska biografija of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
- Stroynowski 1989b, p. 739.
- Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 597 ; Stroynowski 1989c, p. 1143.
- Lewytzkyj & Stroynowski 1978, p. 696 ; Stroynowski 1989c, p. 1342.
- Stroynowski 1989c, p. 986.
- Stroynowski 1989b, p. 632.
- "Stipe Šuvar: Vječni kapitalizam ili mogući socijalizam" [Stipe Šuvar: Eternal Capitalism or Possible Socialism] (in Croatian). lupiga.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- "Preminuo Milan Pančevski" [Milan Pančevski died] (in Serbian). B92. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- "New state President–Warning on country's disintegration–Non-communist governments in Slovenia and Croatia". May 1990 – via Keesing’s Record of World Events. Vol. 36 (1990), No. 5 (May) & p. 37463.
Bibliography
- Banac, Ivo (2018). With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-2083-3.
- Drachkovitch, Milorad (1973). Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817984038.
- Stroynowski, Juliusz, ed. (1989a). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries of Europe: A–H. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-10719-6.
- Stroynowski, Juliusz, ed. (1989b). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries of Europe: I–O. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-10719-6.
- Stroynowski, Juliusz, ed. (1989c). Who's Who in the Socialist Countries of Europe: P–Z. K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-10719-6.
- Tito, Josip Broz (1980). The Party of the Revolution: Fifth Conference of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, 1940. Socialist Thought and Practice.
- Tito, Josip Broz (1982). Damjanović, Pero; Vujošević, Ubavka (eds.). Sabrana djela: Oktobar 1940-April 1941 [Selected Works: 1940 – April 1941] (in Serbo-Croatian). Institut za savremenu istoriju.