Princes of Condé

The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (pronounced [buʁbɔ̃ kɔ̃de]), named after Condé-en-Brie (now in the Aisne département), was a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: prince de Condé) that was originally assumed around 1557 by the French Protestant leader Louis de Bourbon (1530–1569),[1] uncle of King Henry IV of France, and borne by his male-line descendants.

House of Bourbon-Condé

Parent houseHouse of Bourbon[lower-alpha 1]
Place of originCondé-en-Brie, France
Founded1557 (1557)
FounderLouis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
Final headLouis Henri de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
TitlesPrince of Condé
Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
Duke of Enghien
Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Montmorency
Duke of Mercœur
Marquis of Graville
Count of La Marche
Count of Pézenas
Count of Alais
Count of Clermont
Prince du sang
PropertiesChâteau de Chantilly
Château de Condé
Château de Vallery
Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé
Hôtel de Condé
Palais Bourbon
Dissolution1830 (1830)
Cadet branchesPrinces of Conti
Counts of Soissons

This line became extinct in 1830 when his eighth-generation descendant, Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, died without surviving male issue. The princely title was held for one last time by Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé, who died in 1866.

History

The Princes of Condé descend from the Vendôme family the progenitors of the modern House of Bourbon. There was never a principality, sovereign or vassal, of Condé. The name merely served as the territorial source of a title adopted by Louis, who inherited from his father, Charles IV de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme (1489–1537), the lordship of Condé-en-Brie in Champagne, consisting of the Château of Condé and a dozen villages some fifty miles east of Paris.

It had passed from the sires of Avesnes, to the Counts of St. Pol. When Marie de Luxembourg-St. Pol wed François, Count of Vendôme (1470–1495) in 1487, Condé-en-Brie became part of the Bourbon-Vendôme patrimony.

Duc de Bourbon

After the extinction in 1527 of the Dukes of Bourbon, François's son Charles (1489–1537) became head of the House of Bourbon, which traces its male-line descent from Robert, Count of Clermont (12561318), a younger son of France's Saint-King Louis IX. Of the sons of Charles of Vendôme, the eldest, Antoine, became jure uxoris King of Navarre and fathered Henry IV.

Arms of the princes de Condé, 1546-1588

The youngest son, Louis, inherited the lordships of Meaux, Nogent, Condé, and Soissons as his appanage. Louis was titled Prince of Condé in a parliamentary document on 15 January 1557 and, without any legal authority beyond their dignity as princes of the Blood Royal, they continued to bear it for the next three centuries. He was succeeded by his son Henri I de Bourbon, prince de Condé.

Louis, the first Prince, actually gave the Condé property to his youngest son, Charles (1566–1612), Count of Soissons. Charles' only son Louis (1604–1641) left Condé and Soissons to female heirs in 1624, who married into the Savoy and Orléans-Longueville dynasties.

Monsieur le Prince

Upon the accession to France's throne of Henry IV of Bourbon in 1589, his first cousin-once-removed Henry, Prince of Condé (15881646), was heir presumptive to the crown until 1601. Although Henry's own descendants thereafter held the senior positions within the royal family of dauphin, Fils de France, and petits-fils de France, from 1589 to 1709 the Princes of Condé coincidentally held the rank at court of premier prince du sang royal (First Prince of the Blood Royal), to which was attached income, precedence, and ceremonial privilege (such as the exclusive right to be addressed as Monsieur le prince at court).

Arms of the princes de Condé and ducs de Bourbon, 1588-1830
Arms of the heir to the prince de Condé and duc de Bourbon, 1588-1830, usually titled the duc d'Enghien

However, the position of premier prince devolved upon the ducs d'Orléans in 1710, so the seventh Prince, Louis III (16681710) declined to make use of the title, preferring instead to be known by his hereditary peerage of Duke of Bourbon, which still afforded him the right to be known as Monsieur le Duc. Subsequent heirs likewise preferred the ducal to the princely title.

Later

After the death of Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé in 1709, the family were in regular attendance at court. Louis de Bourbon-Condé (at that point known as the Duke of Bourbon) had in 1685 married Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, the legitimated daughter of Louis XIV of France and Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan.

The couple had many children and produced an heir to the Condé titles and lands. Their son was Louis Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc de Bourbon. He led a quiet life and was known at court as Monsieur le Duc after the loss of the rank of premier prince du sang in 1723. After his death the family retreated from court life but Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé was vital in the forming of the Army of Condé - formed to support his cousin Louis XVI during his imprisonment during the revolution. He was the longest holder of the title, being known as the prince de Condé for seventy-eight years.

His son married the sister of Louis Philippe II d'Orléans better known as Philippe Égalité. She was called Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d'Orléans. She was the last princesse de Condé and mother of Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé - titled duc d'Enghien. He was executed by Napoleon I of France at the Château de Vincennes. With the death of the duc d'Enghien, the heir to the Condé name, his father was the last holder of the title.

After his death in 1830 the Condé lands passed to the last prince's cousin Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale whose eldest son Louis was later a prince de Condé after gaining the title from his father.[2]

Simplified Bourbon family tree

From Louis IX to Henry IV

Direct Capetians
Louis IX
King of France
1214–1270
r.1226–1270
Margaret
of Provence
1221–1295
House of Bourbon
Philip III
King of France
1245–1285
r.1270–1285
Robert
Count of Clermont
1256–1317
r.1268–1317
Beatrice
of Burgundy
1257–1310
House of Valois
Charles
Count of Valois
1270–1325
r.1284–1325
Louis I
Duke of Bourbon
1279–1341
r.1327–1341
Mary
of Avesnes
1280–1354
Philip VI
King of France
1293–1350
r.1328–1350
John II
King of France
1319–1364
r.1350–1364
Isabella
of Valois
1313–1383
Peter I
Duke of Bourbon
1311–1356
r.1342–1356
James I
Count of La Marche
1319–1362
r.1356–1362
Jeanne
of Châtillon
1320-1371[3]
Charles V
King of France
1338–1380
r.1364–1380
Joanna
of Bourbon
1338–1378
Louis II
Duke of Bourbon
1337–1410
r.1356–1410
Peter II
Count of La Marche
1342–1362
r.1362
John I
Count of La Marche
1344–1393
r.1362–1393
Catherine
of Vendôme
1354–1412
Charles VI
King of France
1368–1422
r.1380–1422
John I
Duke of Bourbon
1381–1434
r.1410–1434
Louis I
Duke of Orléans
1372–1407
r.1392–1407
James II
Count of La Marche
1370–1438
r.1393–1438
Louis
Count of Vendôme
1376–1446
r.1393–1446
John
Lord of Carency
1378–1458
r.1393–1458
Charles VII
King of France
1403–1461
r.1422–1461
Charles I
Duke of Bourbon
1401–1456
r.1434–1456
Louis I
Count of Montpensier
1405–1486
r.1428–1486
John
Count of Angoulême
1399–1467
Eleanor
of Bourbon-La Marche
1407–aft.1464
Lords of Carency
Louis XI
King of France
1423–1483
r.1461–1483
Joan
of France
1435–1482
John II
Duke of Bourbon
1426–1488
r.1456–1488
Charles II
Duke of Bourbon
1434–1488
r.1488
Louis
Bishop of Liège
1438–1482
r.1456–1482
Gilbert
Count of Montpensier
1443–1496
r.1486–1496
Charles
Count of Angoulême
1459–1496
r.1467–1496
Dukes of NemoursJohn VIII
Count of Vendôme
1425–1477
r.1446–1477
Anne
of France
1461–1522
Peter II
Count of La Marche
Duke of Bourbon
1438–1503
r.1488–1503
Peter
of Bourbon-Busset
1464–1529
Francis
Count of Vendôme
1470–1495
r.1477–1495
Louis
Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
1473–1520
Louise
Duchess of Montpensier
1482–1561
r.1538–1561
Suzanne
Duchess of Bourbon
1491–1521
r.1503–1521
Charles III
Count of La Marche
Duke of Bourbon
1490–1527
r.1521–1527
Philip
of Bourbon-Busset
1494–1557
Francis I
King of France
1494–1547
r.1515–1547
Charles
Duke of Vendôme
1489–1537
r.1514–1537
Louis
Duke of Montpensier
1513-1582
r.1561–1582
Bourbon-Busset
illegitimate male-line
Henry II
King of France
1519–1559
r.1547–1559
Jeanne III
d'Albret

Queen of Navarre
1528–1572
r.1555–1572
Antoine
Duke of Vendôme
King of Navarre
1518–1562
r.1555–1562
Louis
Prince of Condé
1530–1569
r.1546–1569
Dukes of Montpensier
Margaret
of France
1553–1615
Henry IV
of Bourbon

King of France
1553–1610
r.1589–1610
Marie
de' Medici

1575–1642
Henri I
Prince of Condé
1552–1588
r.1569–1588
Louis XIII
King of France
1601–1643
r.1610–1643
Henri II
Prince of Condé
1588–1646
r.1588–1646
Louis XIV
King of France
1638–1715
r.1643–1715
Louis II
Grand Condé

Prince of Condé
1621–1686
r.1646–1686
Armand
Prince of Conti
1629–1666
r.1629–1666
Henri Jules
Prince of Condé
1643–1709
r.1686–1709
Louis III
Prince of Condé
1668–1710
r.1709–1710
Louise Françoise
of Bourbon
1673–1743
Marie Thérèse
de Bourbon
1666–1732
François Louis
Grand Conti

Prince of Conti
1664–1709
r.1685–1709
Louis Armand I
Prince of Conti
1661–1685
r.1666–1685
Marie Anne
de Bourbon
1666–1739
Louis IV Henri
Prince de Condé
1692–1740
r.1710–1740
Marie Anne
de Bourbon
1689–1720
Louise Élisabeth
de Bourbon
1693–1775
Louis Armand II
Prince of Conti
1695–1727
r.1709–1727
Louis V
Joseph

Prince of Condé
1736–1818
r.1740–1818
Louis François
Prince of Conti
1717–1776
r.1727–1776
Louis VI Henri
Prince of Condé
1756–1830
r.1818–1830
Louis François Joseph
Prince of Conti
1734–1814
r.1776–1814
Louis Antoine
Duke of Enghien
1772–1804

Descent from Henry IV

King of France
Henry IV
Kingdom of France King of France
(1589–1610)
King of France
Louis XIII
Kingdom of France King of France
(1610–1643)
King of France
Louis XIV
Kingdom of France King of France
(1643–1715)
Duke of Orléans
Philippe I
Duke of Orléans

Louis
"Le Grand Dauphin" of France
Duke of Orléans
Philippe II
Duke of Orléans
Regent of France


Louis
"Le Petit Dauphin" of France
King of Spain
Philip V
Spain King of Spain
(1700–1746)
Duke of Orléans
Louis
Duke of Orléans
King of France
Louis XV
Kingdom of France King of France
(1715–1774)
King of Spain
Louis I
Spain King of Spain
(1724)
King of Spain
Ferdinand VI
Spain King of Spain
(1746–1759)
King of Spain
Charles III
Spain King of Spain
(1759–1788)
Philip
Duchy of Parma Duke of Parma
(1748–1765)
Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe I
Duke of Orléans

Louis
Dauphin of France
King of Spain
Charles IV
Spain King of Spain
(1788–1808)
Ferdinand
Duchy of Parma Duke of Parma
(1765–1802)
Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe II
(Philippe Égalité)

Duke of Orléans
King of France
Louis XVI
Kingdom of France King of France
(1774–1791)
King of the French
(1791–1792)

Titular King of France
(1792–1793)
King of France
Louis XVIII
Kingdom of France Titular King of France
(1795–1804)

Legitimist pretender
(1804–1814)
King of France
(1814–1824)
King of France
Charles X
King of France
(1824–1830)

Legitimist pretender
(1830–1836)
King of Spain
Ferdinand VII
Spain King of Spain
(1808; 1813–1833)
Francisco de PaulaCarlos
Count of Molina Carlos V
Spain Carlist pretender
(1833–1845)
Louis I
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) King of Etruria
(1801–1803)
King of the French
Louis-Philippe I
France King of the French
(1830–1848)

Orléanist pretender
(1848–1850)
King of France
Louis
Dauphin of France
Titular King of France as Louis XVII
Titular King of France
(1793–1795)
Louis-Antoine
Duke of Angoulême Dauphin of France
Titular King of France as Louis XIX
Legitimist pretender
(1836–1844)

Charles Ferdinand
Duke of Berry
Queen of Spain
Isabella II
Spain Queen of Spain
(1833–1868)
Francis
Duke of Cádiz
King consort of Spain
Carlos
Count of Montemolin Carlos VI
Spain Carlist pretender
(1845–1861)
Juan
Count of Montizón Juan III
Spain Carlist pretender
(1861–1868)

Titular King of France as Jean III
Legitimist pretender
(1883–1887)
Louis II
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) King of Etruria
(1803–1807)
Charles I
Duchy of Lucca Duke of Lucca
(1824–1847)
Charles II
Duchy of Parma Duke of Parma
(1847–1849)
Duke of Orléans
Ferdinand Philippe
Duke of Orléans
King of France
Henri
Count of Chambord
Titular King of France as Henri V
Legitimist pretender
(1844–1883)
King of Spain
Alfonso XII
Spain King of Spain
(1874–1885)
Carlos
Duke of Madrid Carlos VII
Spain Carlist pretender
(1868–1909)

Titular King of France as Charles XI
Legitimist pretender
(1887–1909)
Alfonso Carlos
Duke of San Jaime Alfonso Carlos I
Spain Carlist pretender
(1931–1936)

Titular King of France as Charles XII
Legitimist pretender
(1931–1936)
Charles III
Duchy of Parma Duke of Parma
(1849–1854)
Philippe
Count of Paris
Titular King of France as Philippe VII
France Orléanist pretender
(1850–1894)
Robert
Duke of Chartres
King of Spain
Alfonso XIII
Spain King of Spain
(1886–1931)

Titular King of France as Alphonse I
Legitimist pretender
(1936–1941)
Jaime
Duke of Madrid Jaime III
Spain Carlist pretender
(1909–1931)

Titular King of France as Jacques I
Legitimist pretender
(1909–1931)
Robert I
Duchy of Parma Duke of Parma
(1854–1859)
Philippe
Duke of Orléans
Titular King of France as Philippe VIII
France Orléanist pretender
(1894–1926)
Jean
Duke of Guise
Titular King of France as Jean III
France Orléanist pretender
(1926–1940)
Jaime
Duke of Segovia Jaime IV
Spain Legitimist pretender
(1941–1975)

Titular King of France as Jacques II or
Henri VI
Legitimist pretender
(1941–1975)
Juan
Count of Barcelona
Xavier
Duke of Parma
Spain Carlist regent
(1936–1952)
Javier I
Spain Carlist pretender
(1952–1977)
Felix
Prince of Luxembourg
Henri
Count of Paris
Titular King of France as Henri VI
France Orléanist pretender
(1940–1999)
Alfonso
Duke of Anjou and Cádiz Alfonso XIV
Spain Legitimist pretender
(1975–1989)

Titular King of France as Alphonse II
Legitimist pretender
(1975–1989)
King of Spain
Juan Carlos I
Spain King of Spain
(1975–2014)
Carlos Hugo
Duke of Parma Carlos Hugo I
Spain Carlist pretender
(1977–1979)
Sixtus Henry
Prince of Parma Enrique V
Spain Carlist pretender
(1979–present)
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Jean
Luxembourg Grand Duke of Luxembourg
(1964–2000)
Henri
Count of Paris
Duke of France

Titular King of France as Henri VII
France Orléanist pretender
(1999–2019)
Louis
Duke of Anjou
Titular King of France as Louis XX
Legitimist pretender
(1989–present)
Luis II
Spain Legitimist pretender
(1989–present)
King of Spain
Felipe VI
Spain King of Spain
(2014–present)
Carlos
Duke of Parma Carlos Xavier II
Spain Carlist pretender
(2011–present)
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Henri
Luxembourg Grand Duke of Luxembourg
(2000–present)
Jean
Count of Paris
Titular King of France as Jean IV
France Orléanist pretender
(2019–present)

Louis
Duke of Burgundy
Dauphin of France
Princess of Asturias, Heir to the Throne
Leonor
Princess of Asturias
Carlos
Prince of Piacenza
Guillaume
Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Gaston
Count of Clermont

Cadet branches

Arms of the Counts of Soissons (1569-1641); at the extinction of their line, it was adopted by the Princes of Conti until they became extinct in 1814.

House of Bourbon-Conti

The House of Bourbon-Conti was formed in 1581 by François de Bourbon, prince de Conti. He was the son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé. The house became extinct in 1814 upon the death of Louis François II de Bourbon, prince de Conti.

The Princes of Conti were as follows:

At his death, the title became extinct because the prince died without issue. The title was assumed in 1629 by:

House of Bourbon-Soissons

The first prince de Conti was also the brother of the founder of the House of Bourbon-Soissons, Charles de Bourbon-Soissons. The comtes de Soissons were addressed at court as Monsieur le Comte and their wives as Madame la Comtesse. The members of the house were:

The line started in 1566 when the title of Count of Soissons was given to Charles de Bourbon-Condé, the second son of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, the first Prince of Condé. The Soissons title had been acquired by the first Prince of Condé in 1557 and was held by his descendants for two more generations with Charles de Bourbon-Condé, 1st comte de Soissons, and Louis de Bourbon-Condé, 2nd comte de Soissons.

The 2nd comte de Soissons died without an heir, so the Soissons estates passed to his younger sister, Marie de Bourbon-Condé, the wife of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, a younger brother of the sovereign Duke of Savoy. Although she received 400,000 livres in annual revenues from the Soissons estates, lived in the Hôtel de Soissons where, according to Saint-Simon, she "maintained the traditions of the Soissons", she continued to be known as the princesse de Carignan.[4] On her death, the Soissons countship passed first to her second son, Prince Joseph-Emmanuel of Savoy-Carignano (1631–1656), and then to her third son, Prince Eugène-Maurice of Savoy-Carignano. He married Olympia Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarin. She was known as Madame la Comtesse de Soissons.[5] On his death, the title went to his eldest son, Prince Louis Thomas of Savoy-Carignano, who was the older brother of the famous Austrian general, Prince Eugene of Savoy. The Soissons countship became extinct upon the death of Prince Eugène-Jean-François of Savoy-Carignano in 1734.

Princes of Condé

First creation: 15461830 – House of Bourbon

NamePortraitLifespanParents
Louis I de Bourbon
15461569
May 7, 1530 –
March 13, 1569
Charles de Bourbon-La Marche
Françoise d'Alençon
Henri I de Bourbon
15691588
December 29, 1552 –
March 5, 1588
Louis I de Bourbon
Eléanor de Roucy de Roye
Henry II de Bourbon
15881646
September 1, 1588 –
December 26, 1646
Henri I de Bourbon
Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille
Louis II de Bourbon
16461686
September 8, 1621 –
November 11, 1686
Henry II de Bourbon
Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency
Henri Jules de Bourbon
16861709
July 29, 1643 –
April 1, 1709
Louis II de Bourbon
Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé
Louis III de Bourbon
17091710
November 10, 1668 –
March 4, 1710
Henri Jules de Bourbon
Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Louis Henri de Bourbon
17101740
August 18, 1692 –
January 27, 1740
Louis III de Bourbon
Louise-Françoise de Bourbon
Louis Joseph de Bourbon
17401818
August 9, 1736 –
May 13, 1818
Louis Henri de Bourbon
Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg
Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon
18181830
April 13, 1756 –
August 30, 1830
Louis Joseph de Bourbon
Charlotte Élisabeth Godefride de Rohan
daughter of Charles de Rohan

Second creation: 1845 1866 – House of Orléans

NamePortraitLifespanParents
Louis d'Orléans November 15, 1845 –
May 24, 1866
Henri d'Orleans, Duke of Aumale
Princess Maria Carolina Augusta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

Styles of address

The eldest sons of the Princes of Condé used the title of Duke of Enghien and were addressed as Monsieur le Duc until that style came to be pre-empted by their fathers, as Dukes of Bourbon, after 1709. The Princes of Condé were also the male-line ancestors of the branches of the Princes of Conti (which flourished 16291814) and the Counts of Soissons (15661641).

Although both the sons and daughters of these branches of the House of Bourbon held the rank of princes et princesses du sang, it never became the custom in France for them to use prince or princess as a prefix to their Christian names. Rather, sons took a title of French nobility (count or duke), suffixed with their appanage (e.g. Count of Charolais), while unmarried daughters used one of their fathers' subsidiary properties to form a courtesy style (e.g. Mademoiselle de Clermont).

Family residences

The Château de Chantilly at the time of the Grand Condé

The Hôtel de Condé became the Parisian base of the Condé family in 1610, in what is now the 6th district of Paris. In 1722, Louise-Françoise de Bourbon, wife of Louis III, Prince of Condé, started building the Palais Bourbon, which in 1764 became the Condé family's main Parisian residence. They sold the Hôtel de Condé to the King in 1770, and it was demolished around 1780 to be replaced by a new neighborhood around the theater that later became known as the Odéon. Another Parisian property, still known as the Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé (12 rue Monsieur), was built and inhabited between 1780 and 1789 by Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon-Condé.

The family had several residences outside Paris – the Château de Condé in Condé-en-Brie, Picardy, which they ceased to own by 1624; the Château de Vallery, built from 1548 for the Marshal of Saint André, acquired by Louis I de Bourbon-Condé in 1564 and kept by the family until 1747; and the Château de Chantilly, previously a Montmorency property from 1484 to 1632 and a Condé estate afterward. The latter was the home of the Grand Condé during his exile from court, and the host château of a party given in honour of King Louis XIV of France in 1671. It was confiscated during the French Revolution and eventually came into the possession of King Louis Philippe of France, who gave it to his youngest son, Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale.

Notes

  1. The Bourbons were, themselves, descended from the Capetian dynasty

References

  1. Velde, François. "A list of French Princes and Principalities". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  2. Barko, Ivan (December 2003). "'Le petit Condé: the death in Sydney in 1866 of Australia's first royal visitor". Explorations - Journal of French-Australian Connections (35): 26–32. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24.
  3. "Jeanne de Chatillon".
  4. Spanheim, Ézéchiel (1973). Emile Bourgeois (ed.). Relation de la Cour de France. le Temps retrouvé (in French). Paris: Mercure de France. pp. 99–100, 107, 323, 329.
  5. Nancy Mitford, The Sun King, 1966, p.87
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