Progradungula

Progradungula
	P. otwayensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Gradungulidae
Genus:	Progradungula; Forster & Gray, 1979[1]
Type species
	P. carraiensis; Forster & Gray, 1979
Species
	P. carraiensis Forster & Gray, 1979 – Australia (New South Wales) ; P. otwayensis Milledge, 1997 – Australia (Victoria);

Progradungula is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & Michael R. Gray in 1979.[2] As of May 2019 it contains only two species: P. carraiensis and P. otwayensis.[1]

The name is derived from Latin pro ("before"), and the genus name Gradungula, referring to the ancient ancestry of the genus. It is the first discovered web-building cribellate spider in a "primitive" araneomorph spider family and helped establish the idea that all araneomorph spiders evolved from cribellate ancestors.[3]

These spiders have an uncommon web-making technique and prey-capturing behaviour. A small (approximately 25 by 6 mm), tilting, ladder-like platform of cribellate capturing silk is supported by an overhead structure of threads linked to the rock walls and consists of two parallel stabilizing silk lines.

References

"Gen. Progradungula Forster & Gray, 1979". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
Forster, R. R.; Gray, M. R. (1979). "Progradungula, a new cribellate genus of the spider family Gradungulidae (Araneae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 27: 1051–1071. doi:10.1071/zo9791051.
Milledge, G. (1997). "A new species of Progradungula Forster & Gray (Araneae: Gradungulidae)from Victoria". Mem. Mus. Vic. 56 (1): 65–68. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.1997.56.02.

[1]

Platnick, Norman I.; Dupérré, Nadine (2010-03-15). "The Goblin Spider Genus Scaphiella (Araneae, Oonopidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 332: 1–156. doi:10.1206/700.1. ISSN 0003-0090.

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[NMBE-1] "Gen. Progradungula Forster & Gray, 1979". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-07.

[Fors1979-2] Forster, R. R.; Gray, M. R. (1979). "Progradungula, a new cribellate genus of the spider family Gradungulidae (Araneae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 27: 1051–1071. doi:10.1071/zo9791051.

[Mill1997-3] Milledge, G. (1997). "A new species of Progradungula Forster & Gray (Araneae: Gradungulidae)from Victoria". Mem. Mus. Vic. 56 (1): 65–68. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.1997.56.02.

[4] Platnick, Norman I.; Dupérré, Nadine (2010-03-15). "The Goblin Spider Genus Scaphiella (Araneae, Oonopidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 332: 1–156. doi:10.1206/700.1. ISSN 0003-0090.