Religion in Uganda

Christianity is the predominant religion in Uganda. According to the 2014 census, over 84 percent of the population was Christian, while about 14 percent of the population adhered to Islam, making it the largest minority religion.[1] Anglicanism and Catholicism are the main Christian denominations in the country.

Religion in Uganda (2014 census)[1]

  Catholicism (39.3%)
  Anglicanism (32.0%)
  Pentecostalism (11.1%)
  Other Christian (2.0%)
  Islam (13.7%)
  No religion (1.2%)
  Others (0.7%)
St. Paul's Anglican Cathedral located on Namirembe Hill, Kampala.

The northern and west Nile regions are dominated by Roman Catholics, and Iganga District in the east of Uganda had the highest percentage of Muslims; Good Friday, Easter Monday, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, and Christmas are recognized national holidays.[2]

Government policy

Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Uganda Constitution, but religions are expected to be registered with the government and then to secure a five-year license; registered groups are exempt from direct taxation.[3]

Freedom of religion

In 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.[4]

Religious affiliation in Uganda[5]
Affiliation 1991 census 2002 census 2014 census[1]
Christian 85.4% 85.2% 84.5%
Roman Catholic 44.5% 41.9% 39.3%
Church of Uganda (Anglican) 39.2% 35.9% 32.0%
Pentecostal -[note 1] 4.6% 11.1%
Seventh-day Adventist 1.1% 1.5% 1.7%
Baptist -[note 2] -[note 2] 0.3%
Eastern Orthodox Christian <0.1% 0.1% 0.15%
Other Christian 0.6% 1.2%[note 3] -[note 2]
Muslim 10.5% 12.1% 13.7%
Traditional - 1.0% 0.1%
Baháʼí Faith -[note 1] 0.1% -[note 2]
None -[note 1] 0.9% 0.2%
Other non-Christian 4.0% 0.7%[note 4] -[note 2]
Others -[note 2] -[note 2] 1.4%
Notes
  1. The 1991 census did not have separate categories for "None" and "Pentecostal" so the 1991 category of "Other Christian" includes "Pentecostal" and the 1991 category "Other non-Christian" includes "Baháʼí Faith" and "None".
  2. The 1991 and 2002 censuses did not have separate categories for "Baptist" and also had separate categories for "Other Christian" and "Other non-Christian" and "Baháʼí Faith" so the 2014 category of "Other" includes those (minus the Baptists). The census states that "Others" includes those religions with less than .1% of the population and specifically mentions Salvation Army, Baháʼí, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Presbyterian, Hindus, Mammon, Jews and Buddhists.
  3. If Pentecostals are merged in to allow better comparison with the 1991 figure for "Other Christians", it is 5.8%.
  4. If Baháʼí and None are merged in to allow better comparison with the 1991 figure for "Other non-Christians", it is 1.7%
Religious affiliation in Uganda by region[6]
Affiliation Central Region Eastern Region Northern Region Western Region
Roman Catholic 41.2% 29.6% 59.2% 40.6%
Anglican/Protestant 30.1% 43.0% 25.3% 45.2%
Pentecostal 5.9% 6.1% 3.1% 3.4%
Seventh-day Adventist 1.9% 1.0% 0.5% 2.6%
Eastern Orthodox Christian 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2%
Other Christian 0.8% 2.1% 0.5% 1.1%
Muslim 18.4% 17.0% 8.5% 4.5%
Traditional 0.1% 0.1% 1.6% 0.1%
Other 0.6% 1.0% 1.3% 2.3%

Christianity
Main articles: Roman Catholicism in Uganda, Church of Uganda, and Eastern Orthodoxy in Uganda

According to the national census of 2014, Christians of all denominations comprised 85 percent of Uganda's population.[7] The Roman Catholic Church had the largest number of adherents (39.3 percent of the total population). The largest Protestant church was the Anglican Church of Uganda, a part of the worldwide Anglican communion, at 32 percent. The category of Pentecostal/Evangelical/Born Again made up 11.1% of the population, while Seventh-day Adventists made up 1.7%, Baptists 0.3% and Eastern Orthodox 0.1%.,[7] although some sources estimate their numbers to more than 3%[8]

Jehovah's Witnesses operate in Uganda under the International Bible Students Association name and are working in a total of ten languages, including Swahili and Luganda. Followers of William M. Branham and Branhamism claim numbers in the tens of thousands, thanks in large part to translation and distribution efforts by Voice of God Recordings.[9]

The Presbyterian Church in Uganda has 100-200 congregations. The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Uganda was a result in a split in the Presbyterian church.

Baptist has its origins in American mission of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1963.[10] The Baptist Union of Uganda was founded in 1974.[11] According to a denomination census released in 2020, it claimed 1,800 churches and 550,000 members.[12]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints claims more than 14,000 members in 27 congregations in Uganda. They also have two family history centers.[13]

The Society of Friends has two yearly meetings, Uganda Yearly Meeting, part of Friends United Meeting and Evangelical Friends Church. There were about 3,000 members between the two in 2001.[14]

A 2015 study estimated some 35,000 believers in Christ from a Muslim background residing in the country at the time.[15]

Islam
Main article: Islam in Uganda
Kibuli mosque in Kampala, Uganda

According to the 2014 National Census, 13.7 percent of Ugandans adhered to Islam.[7] Most Muslims are Sunni,[3] with a small minority of Shia Muslims. There was a small group of Ahmadis in the country in 2012.[16]

Judaism
Main article: History of the Jews in Uganda

There are a small community of Ugandan Jews called the Abayudaya, numbering some 2,000-3,000.[17] The group was formed by Semei Kakungulu in the early 20th century.[18]

Indigenous beliefs

About 1 percent of Uganda's population follow traditional religions only; however, in 2009, more people practiced traditional religious practices along with other religions such as Christianity or Islam.[2] One survey in 2010 showed that about 27 percent of Ugandans believe that sacrifices to ancestors or spirits can protect them from harm.[19]

Interfaith

Uganda has received media attention for interfaith efforts in Mbale. Founded by JJ Keki, the Mirembe Kawomera (Delicious Peace) Fair Trade Coffee Cooperative brings together Muslim, Jewish, and Christian coffee farmers. Members of the cooperative use music to spread their message of peace. The Smithsonian Folkways album "Delicious Peace: Coffee, Music & Interfaith Harmony in Uganda" features songs from members of the cooperative about their interfaith message.[20]

Hinduism
A temple in Jinja.
Main article: Hinduism in Uganda

According to ARDA, Hindus made up 0.8% of the population in 2020.[21]

Baháʼí Faith
Main article: Baháʼí Faith in Uganda
a Baháʼí House of Worship in Kampala

The Baháʼí Faith in Uganda started to grow in 1951 and in four years time there were 500 Baháʼís in 80 localities, including 13 Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies, representing 30 tribes, and had dispatched 9 Baháʼí pioneers to other African locations.[22] Following the reign of Idi Amin when the Baháʼí Faith was banned and the murder of Baháʼí Hand of the Cause Enoch Olinga and his family,[23] the community continues to grow though estimates of the population range widely from 19,000 to 105,000 and the community's involvements have included diverse efforts to promote the welfare of the Ugandan people. One of only ten Baháʼí Houses of Worship in the world, known as the Mother Temple of Africa, is located on the outskirts of Kampala.[24]

Buddhism

The Uganda Buddhist Centre, founded in 2005 by Venerable Buddharakkhita, is an initiative that intends to provide the first stable source of Buddhism in Uganda.[25]

No religion
Main article: Irreligion in Uganda

Only 0.9 percent of Ugandans claim no religion. The Uganda Humanist Association is a member of the International Humanist and Ethical Union and has been registered since 1996.[26]

See also

References
  1. Census 2014 Final Results
  2. United States Department of State (2009-10-26). "Uganda". International Religious Freedom Report 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-11-30. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  3. US State Dept 2022 report
  4. Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08
  5. "2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census - Main Report" (PDF). Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
  6. "2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census - Population Composition (Household Composition, Religious and Ethnic Composition and Marriage)" (PDF). Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  7. "2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census – Main Report" (PDF). Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  8. "MASS BAPTISM: 60+ SOULS UNITED TO CHRIST IN UGANDA". Journey To Orthodoxy. 2019-12-06. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  9. "A History On Uganda". branham.org. Archived from the original on 2010-11-20.
  10. William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 586
  11. Robert E. Johnson, A Global Introduction to Baptist Churches, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2010, p. XXV
  12. Baptist World Alliance, Members, baptistworld.org, USA, retrieved December 5, 2020
  13. Facts and Statistics: Uganda, LDS Church, retrieved 2016-05-25
  14. Zarembka, David (2001). "Friends Peace Teams: African Great Lakes Initiative".
  15. Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11: 15. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  16. "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity" (PDF). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  17. Shadrach Levi, Mugoya (November 6, 2017). "We Are the Jews of Uganda. This Is Our Story". The Forward. Rachel Fishman Feddersen. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  18. Ben Abraham, Enosh K.Mainah (3 May 2006). "The Abayudaya, The Jews of Uganda". KCholmim. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  19. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life (15 April 2010). "Executive Summary". Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  20. "Delicious Peace: Coffee, Music & Interfaith Harmony in Uganda".
  21. The ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-08
  22. Hassall, Graham (2003-08-26). "References to Africa in the Baháʼí Writings". Asian/Pacific Collection. Asia Pacific Baháʼí Studies. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  23. Francis, N. Richard (1998). "Enoch Olinga". Baháʼí Library Online. Baháʼí Faith Website of Reno, Nevada.
  24. Further Africa website, article dated January 30, 2022
  25. "Uganda Buddhist Centre". www.ugandabuddhistcenter.org. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  26. International Humanist and Ethical Union website
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