Chubut Province

Chubut stretches from the Atlantic to the Andes with 3 distinct environmental regions: The Andes, the central plains and the coastal regions.[11] The Andes in the westernmost parts of the province mostly extend along the Chilean border.[11] The Andes are not that high in Chubut, with most peaks averaging around 1,500 and 2,000 metres (4,900 and 6,600 ft), which becomes smaller in altitude in the southern parts.[11] The highest peak is Cerro Dos Picos, located east of Lago Cholila with a height of 2,515 metres (8,251 ft).[11] The Andes in this province are of tertiary origin and are separated by wide, deep transverse valleys that are oriented in an east–west direction.[11] These valleys are occupied by glacial lakes and rivers flowing east from the mountains.[11] Most of these valleys existed before the Andes were formed.[11] The lakes, which are mostly located in the western parts of the province are of glacial origin because during the last ice age, the movement of the glaciers lead to the formation of extensive areas of depressions that were filled up with water to form the lakes today.[11]

Government House.

Trevelin.

Köppen climate map of Chubut, Argentina

Cholila Lake.

Los Altares.

The Andes cause humid winds from the Pacific Ocean to rise so most of the moisture precipitates on the western side of the Andes, leaving all except the Andean portion of the province dry.[11][12] In the Andean region, the climate is cold for its latitude owing to the higher elevations there and the influence of winds from the Pacific Ocean.[11] The peaks are usually snow covered throughout the year.[11] In this region, precipitation ranges from 700 mm (28 in) to over 2,500 mm (98 in) in some areas.[11][12] The central parts of the province have an arid climate with hot, sunny summers but cold winters and only average 200 mm (7.9 in) of precipitation a year.[11] The central parts of the province are very windy throughout the year.[11] The coast has an arid or semi-arid climate with hot, but short summers and cold winters.[11] It is the mildest region in the province with the warmest annual mean temperatures.[11] The coast region's climate is a transition between the more temperate climates to the north and the colder climates in the south.[11] Summers tend to be much warmer than Santa Cruz province to the south, particularly in the summer since subtropical air from the north and a branch of the warm Brazil Current can reach the province up until 46°.[12][13] Because there is little land masses in the Southern hemisphere, most of the cold fronts, which usually move in a west to east direction are moderated as they pass over the Pacific Ocean.[12] As such, cold temperatures are not as extreme as they are in the northern hemisphere.[12] Similar to the rest of Patagonia the climate is characterized by strong winds throughout the year, which also leads to higher evapotranspiration, another factor in the province being mostly dry.[12]

The town of Esquel.

The western parts of the province are the coldest with an annual mean temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F) owing to the higher elevations while the coastal areas are the warmest with an annual mean temperature of 12 to 14 °C (53.6 to 57.2 °F).[11][12] The central parts of the province have an annual mean temperature of 10 to 12 °C (50.0 to 53.6 °F) since they have a higher elevation than the coastal areas.[12] During winter, the mean temperature in the coldest months ranges from 6 to 7 °C (42.8 to 44.6 °F) in the northern parts of the province to 4 to 7 °C (39.2 to 44.6 °F) in the southern parts.[12] In the Andes, the mean temperature can be close to 0 °C (32.0 °F).[12] Unlike the northern hemisphere, most of the cold air masses originate from the Pacific Ocean, which moderates the cold air and as such, extreme cold temperatures are rare.[12] Occasionally, cold air masses from Antarctica are not moderated by the ocean, resulting in very cold temperatures.[12] During summer, the temperature gradient is greater than in the winter. The northern parts of the province, have a mean temperature greater than 20 °C (68.0 °F) in the warmest months while in the southern parts, the mean temperature in the warmest month ranges from 17 to 19 °C (62.6 to 66.2 °F) owing to the influence of subtropical air from the north.[12] The westernmost parts of the province are the coolest during the summer, averaging only 14 °C (57.2 °F).[12] The central parts of the province have the most extreme temperatures which can reach over 40 °C (104.0 °F) during the summer and below −20 °C (−4.0 °F) in the winter.[12] The lowest temperature recorded in Chubut was −33 °C (−27.4 °F) in Sarmiento.[12]

In general, relative humidity values do not vary a lot across the province and the contrast is not that large.[12] In the coastal areas, the mean relative humidity is about 70% while in the rest of the province, it is around 50%–60%.[12] The exception is in the higher altitude areas in the Andes in the colder regions where humidity levels are considerably higher.[12] During the summer months, humidity levels are relatively low.[12]

Because the Andes block most of the moisture from the Pacific Ocean from coming in, causing it to release most of the precipitation on its western slopes, most of the province is dry, averaging less than 200 mm (7.9 in) a year.[12] In the central parts of the province, some areas receive less than 100 mm (3.9 in) of precipitation a year.[12] In the Andean part, precipitation increases towards the Chilean border and precipitation ranges from 700 mm (28 in) to over 3,000 mm (120 in).[11][12] A Mediterranean like precipitation pattern, similar to central Chile with dry summers and wet winters is found in the area between the Andean region to the west and the dry steppes to the east.[12] Although precipitation can widely vary among the province, in all locations, precipitation is higher during the winter months.[12] Thunderstorms are rare and occur exclusively during the summer.[12]

One defining characteristic of the climate in Chubut province is the strong wind that is observed throughout the province.[12] The wind is an additional factor that makes most of the province dry since it favors evaporation of moisture.[12] Most of the wind comes from either the west, southwest or northwest but in coastal areas during the summer months, a sea breeze can form when westerly winds are weak, forming easterly winds that can penetrate up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the coast.[12] The mean wind speed is 6 metres per second (20 ft/s) with higher wind speeds being recorded in the south where the average is more than 9 metres per second (30 ft/s).[12] Higher altitude areas are more winder than lower altitude areas, resulting in the Andean region being more windier than the coastal areas.[12] Similar to much of Patagonia, summers tend to be windier than winters.[12]

Sunshine in the province follows a north–south gradient (decreases from north to south), particularly during summer where northern parts of the province can receive 10 hours of sunshine/day while southern parts receive 8 hours of sunshine/day.[12] During winter months, the province receives 4–5 hours of sunshine/day.[12]

Print newspapers include:

• Crónica and El Patagónico in Comodoro Rivadavia
• El Oeste in Esquel
• El Diario de Madryn in Puerto Madryn
• El Chubut and Jornada in Trelew
• Y Drafod, Welsh language newspaper since 1891

Online journalism has a small, growing presence in Chubut. The six print newspapers have online editions; these are updated every 24 hours. Some new digital proposals make a better use of web's potential. One case is Infochubut.com, a recent publication that works with audio, video, text and photographs for its news and offers forums for public participation. Some radio stations in northwest Chubut began to publish online some of the interviews made in their radio studies.

The most populous cities are served by AM radio stations, such as Chubut Radio and Three Radio in Trelew, Golfo Nuevo's Radio in Puerto Madryn, National Radio in Comodoro, Rivadavia and Esquel. There are also several FM radio stations which broadcast programs from a national central office.

The provincial government runs a TV network that covers the province. In Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Esquel, Puerto Madryn and in some small towns there are other local TV stations producing local programming to supplement the programming received from the Buenos Aires networks.