Department of Puno

Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]) is a department and region in southeastern Peru. It is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia on the east, the departments of Madre de Dios on the north, Cusco and Arequipa on the west, Moquegua on the southwest, and Tacna on the south. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.

This article is about the Department of Puno. For its capital city, see Puno. For other uses, see Puno (disambiguation). For the meteorite event, see 2007 Peruvian meteor illness.
Department of Puno
Region
Lake Titicaca, which is partly located in the Puno Region
Lake Titicaca, which is partly located in the Puno Region
Flag of Department of Puno
Flag
Official seal of Department of Puno
Seal
Location of the Puno Region in Peru
Location of the Puno Region in Peru
Coordinates: 15.07°S 70.12°W / -15.07; -70.12
CountryPeru
Subdivisions13 provinces and 108 districts
CapitalPuno
Government
 • GovernorWalter Alduviri Calisaya
(2019–2022)
Area
 • Total66,997 km2 (25,868 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total1,172,697
 • Density18/km2 (45/sq mi)
UBIGEO
21
Dialing code0+51
ISO 3166 codePE-PUN
Principal resourcesQuinoa; it is also the nation's largest producer of potatoes, sheep, alpacas and llamas.
Poverty rate60.8% (INEI 2009)
Percentage of Peru's GDP2.3%
Websitewww.regionpuno.gob.pe

Puno was the territory of the Tiahuanacos (800 A.D. – 1200 A.D.), who were the highest cultural expression of the Aymara people who established themselves in what is today Peru and Bolivia. The Incas took over these lands in the fifteenth century, and the Spanish, attracted by the mining industry developed there, left an important Colonial legacy throughout the entire area.

Geography

The department of Puno is located in the Collao Plateau. The western part of Lake Titicaca, which is the world's highest navigable lake, is located in the department. The Andean mountains make up 70% of the region's territory, and the rest is covered by the Amazon rainforest.

The lake contains numerous islands whose inhabitants continue to live as their ancestors have in custom and tradition. The Uros an example of this; this people group lives on "floating islands" that they have artificially made entirely of totora reeds, and they navigate in their traditional boats also made out of totora reeds. Taquile, Suasi, and Amantaní are known for their kindness of their residents, their ancestral skill in weaving, their pre-Columbian constructions, and lovely countryside. The Titicaca National Reserve (36,180 hectares) protects extensive stretches of totora reeds and various species of plants and animals.

The climate is cold and dry, with a four-month rain season. On the other hand, the climate of the rainforest is warm. The water resources are taken from the Lake Titicaca, 50 lagoons and more than 300 rivers. There is also an important potential in underground waters.

Political division

The region is divided into 13 provinces (provincias, singular: provincia), which are composed of 107 districts (distritos, singular: distrito). The provinces, with their capitals in parentheses, are:

History

In ancient times, the Collao plateau was inhabited by Aymara groups (Collas or Qolla, Zapanas, Kallahuayos and Lupacas). The Quechuas came later.

According to chronicler Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, these ancient times coincide with the legend of Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo, who emerged from the waters of Lake Titicaca to found the Inca Empire.

The Aymara culture, also known as Putina, was the most important and influential pre-Hispanic culture in the region.

During the Viceroyship, Puno was the obliged route for travelers going to Potosí, Bolivia. In 1668, viceroy Conde de Lemos established San Juan Bautista de Puno as the capital of the province of Paucarcolla. Later, it was called San Carlos de Puno, in honor of the ruling king, Charles II of Spain.

In 1870, the railway route Arequipa-Puno was installed and navigation in Lake Titicaca started.

In 2007, a meteorite landed in the region, triggering a widespread illness amongst the locals. The exact cause of the illness is unknown, but is speculated to be a result of arsenic or other toxic chemicals that may have been released by the heat of impact.

Language and ethnicity

Indigenous people are the majority in the Puno region. As of 2011, 41.4% of Puno's inhabitants speak Quechua, 30.39% speak Aymara; 0.05% speak Ashaninka; and 0.03% speak another indigenous language. Monolingual Spanish speakers make up 28.1% of the population.[1]

According to the 2007 Peru Census, the language learnt first by most of the residents was Quechua (38.01%) followed by Spanish (34.81%) and Aymara (26.93%). The Quechua variety spoken in Puno is Cusco–Collao Quechua. The following table shows the results concerning the language learnt first in the Puno Region by province:[2]

Province Quechua Aymara Asháninka Another native language Spanish Foreign language Deaf or mute Total
Azángaro 104,456 364 12 136 23,759 6 172 128,905
Carabaya 57,703 426 6 23 10,385 14 39 68,596
Chucuito 673 86,305 170 33 31,964 8 127 119,280
El Collao 503 59,347 116 17 17,505 1 78 77,567
Huancane 20,400 35,249 32 11 10,392 5 93 66,182
Lampa 34,085 168 7 13 11,357 16 68 45,714
Melgar 49,655 163 4 13 20,479 13 65 70,392
Moho 146 22,592 41 3 3,624 - 41 26,447
Puno 60,261 57,716 119 37 98,875 625 166 217,799
Putina 28,537 4,439 15 24 14,328 1 39 47,383
San Román 67,746 19,399 48 60 139,850 40 176 227,319
Sandia 31,399 6,117 14 4 20,702 4 57 58,297
Yunguyo 252 30,691 57 18 14,177 10 32 45,237
Total 455,816 322,976 641 392 417,397 743 1,153 1,199,118
% 38.01 26.93 0.05 0.03 34.81 0.06 0.10 100.00

Tourism
Uros Floating Islands in Puno.
Suasi Island.

Tourism is currently expanding in the Puno Region, with several tour operators and hotels ranging from low budget hostels to high-end hotels.

References
  1. Blanco Gallegos, Melanie (2011-03-11). "Quechuas se impondrán ante los aymaras en elecciones del 10 de abril". Los Andes. Puno. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
  2. inei.gob.pe Archived 2013-01-27 at the Wayback Machine INEI, Peru, Censos Nacionales 2007
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