Pytine

Pytine; Temporal range: Early[1] to Late Arenig[2]
	P. graia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	†Trilobita
Order:	†Asaphida
Family:	†Raphiophoridae
Genus:	†Pytine; Fortey, 1975
Type species
	Pytine graia; Fortey, 1975
Species
	P. graia Fortey, 1975; P.? brevicauda (Wiman, 1905); P. corrugata Zhang & Zhou in Zhang, 1979; P. wirayasqa Vaccari, et al. 2006[1];
Synonyms
	Ampyx brevicauda Wiman, 1905; Jiuxiella laevigata Liu in Zhou et al., 1977; Jiuxiella jiangxiensis Zhou et al., 2001; Miboshania corrugata Zhang & Zhou in Zhang, 1979;

Pytine is an extinct genus of asaphid trilobites. Species lived during the later part of the Arenig stage of the Ordovician Period,[2] approximately 478 to 471 million years ago. Various species are found in the Svalbard, Valhallfonna Formation, Olenidsletta, Member, of Spitzbergen, Norway, the Megistaspis (Paramegistaspis) planilimbata Zone of the 'Shumardia Shale' of Sweden, Jujuy Province, Argentina, early Arenig-aged strata of Jiangxi province, China, and Darriwilian-aged strata in Western Hunan province, China. The type species, P. graia, has seven thorax segments, and lacks the rapier-like glabellar spine, that occurs in many other raphiophorids.[3] The Chinese species, by contrast, have only six thoracic segments.[1] So far, only the type species, and one of the Chinese species, P. laevigata (synonym= Jiuxiella laevigata), are known from complete specimens.[1]

Species and synonymy

Richard Fortey erected the genus in 1975 upon describing P. graia from Spitzbergen. In 1999, Hoel subjectively synonymized a Swedish species of Ampyx, A. brevicauda, into Pytine. The Chinese raphiophorid genera Jiuxiella and Miboshania were noted to be anatomically similar to P. graia, and were merged into Pytine, as well. In 2006, N. E. Vaccari described P. wirayasqa from several fragments from the early Arenig-aged Acoite Formation, of La Ciénaga, Jujuy province, Argentina, together with specimens of another related raphiophorid genus, Lehnertia.

Etymology

Pytine is derived from an Ancient Greek word for a wineflask with wattles, referring to the shape and wrinkled texture of the glabellum.[3]

References

Vaccari, N. EMILIO, BEATRIZ G. Waisfeld, BRIAN DE Chatterton, and G. D. Edgecombe. "New raphiophorid trilobites from the Ordovician of Argentina and their biogeographic implications." MEMOIR-ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALASIAN PALAEONTOLOGISTS 32 (2006): 353.
Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Trilobita entry)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
Fortey, R.A. (1975). The Ordovician Trilobites of Spitsbergen [II. Asaphidae, Nileidae, Raphiophoridae and Telephinidae of the Valhallfonna Formation]. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter. Vol. 162. Oslo: Norsk Polarinstitutt.

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[Vaccari-1] Vaccari, N. EMILIO, BEATRIZ G. Waisfeld, BRIAN DE Chatterton, and G. D. Edgecombe. "New raphiophorid trilobites from the Ordovician of Argentina and their biogeographic implications." MEMOIR-ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALASIAN PALAEONTOLOGISTS 32 (2006): 353.

[Sepkoski-2] Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Trilobita entry)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-12.

[Fortey_1975-3] Fortey, R.A. (1975). The Ordovician Trilobites of Spitsbergen [II. Asaphidae, Nileidae, Raphiophoridae and Telephinidae of the Valhallfonna Formation]. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter. Vol. 162. Oslo: Norsk Polarinstitutt.