Qikiqtaaluk Region

The Qikiqtaaluk Region, Qikiqtani Region (Inuktitut syllabics: ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ pronounced [qikiqtaːˈluk]) or the Baffin Region is the easternmost,[1] northernmost, and southernmost administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. Qikiqtaaluk is the traditional Inuktitut name for Baffin Island.[2] Although the Qikiqtaaluk Region is the most commonly used name in official contexts, several notable public organizations, including Statistics Canada prior to the 2021 Canadian census,[3] use the older term Baffin Region.

"Qikiqtani" redirects here. For the school division, see Qikiqtani School Operations.

Qikiqtaaluk
ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ (Inuktitut)
Region
Qikiqtaaluk Region
Communities of the Qikiqtaaluk
Location in Nunavut
Location in Nunavut
CountryCanada
TerritoryNunavut
Regional centreIqaluit
Area
 • Total989,879.35 km2 (382,194.55 sq mi)
Population
 • Total18,988
 • Density0.019/km2 (0.050/sq mi)

With a population of 18,988 and an area of 989,879.35 km2 (382,194.55 sq mi), it is the largest and most populated of the three regions.[3]

The region consists of Baffin Island, the Belcher Islands, Akimiski Island, Mansel Island, Prince Charles Island, Bylot Island, Devon Island, Baillie-Hamilton Island, Cornwallis Island, Bathurst Island, Amund Ringnes Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Ellesmere Island, the Melville Peninsula, the eastern part of Melville Island, and the northern parts of both Prince of Wales Island and Somerset Island, plus smaller islands in between. The regional centre, and territorial capital, is Iqaluit (population 7,740).[4] The Qikiqtaaluk Region spans the northernmost, easternmost, and southernmost areas of Nunavut.

Before 1999, the Qikiqtaaluk Region existed under slightly different boundaries in the Northwest Territories as the Baffin Region, in the northern part of the District of Keewatin.

The western half of the nearby Hans Island is part of the Qikiqtaaluk, while the eastern half is part of Greenland and is in the municipality of Avannaata.

Communities

All of Qikiqtaaluk's thirteen communities are located on tidal water and just under half of its residents live in Nunavut's capital and only city, Iqaluit (7,740.[4]). The majority of the rest live in twelve hamlets—Arctic Bay (868[5]), Kinngait (1,441[6]), Clyde River (1,053[7]), Grise Fiord (129[8]), Sanirajak (848[9]), Igloolik (1,682[10]), Kimmirut (389[11]), Pangnirtung (1,481[12]), Pond Inlet (1,617[13]), Qikiqtarjuaq (598[14]), Resolute (198[15]) and Sanikiluaq (882[16]). Alert (CFS Alert) and Eureka are part of Qikiqtaaluk, Unorganized (permanent population 0[17]) areas in the Qikiqtaaluk.

Formerly, there was a mining town at Nanisivik. However, it and the Nanisivik Mine closed in 2002, with Nanisivik Airport closing in 2010 and all flights transferred to Arctic Bay Airport.

Like the majority of Canada's Inuit communities, the region's traditional foods include seal, Arctic char, walrus, polar bear, and caribou.[1]

Inhabitants of the Qikiqtaaluk Region are called Qikiqtaalungmiut.

Iqaluit
Mount Odin, Auyuittuq National Park
Iqaluit waterfront, 2011

Iqaluit has the Astro Hill Complex, the Nunatta Sunakkutaangit Museum and the Legislative Building of Nunavut and the Unikkaarvik Visitors Centre.

Pre-contact

According to anthropologists and historians, the Inuit are the descendants of the Thule people who displaced the Dorset culture (in Inuktitut, the Tuniit).[18][19] By 1300 the Inuit had trade routes with more southern cultures.[20]

History

About 1910, Europeans markets increased their interest in white fox pelts. The distribution and mobility of Inuit changed as the expanded their traditional hunting and fishing routes to participate in the white fox fur trade. Traditional food staples—such as seal and caribou—were not always found in the same regions as white fox.[1] The Hudson's Bay Company—which was chartered in 1670—had been opening fur trading posts throughout Inuit and First Nations territory. By 1910, the HBC was restructured into a lands sales department, retail and fur trade. The HBC dominated the fur trade under minimal supervision from the Canadian government, and some Anglican and Catholic missionaries who lived near remote northern hamlets. By 1922 most of imported goods acquired by Inuit were from the HBC.[1]

Relocation

Between 1950 and 1975 thirteen northern communities were relocated.[1]

Killing of the sled dogs

In the 1950s and 1960s the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and others in authority undertook "the widespread killing of sled dogs".[1]

Reconciliation and truth commissions

The Qikigtani Truth Commission—which was commissioned, conducted, and paid for by an Aboriginal organization, the Qikiqtani Inuit Association and took place from 2007 to 2010—brought together historians and Inuit to revisit the history of the Qikigtaaluk Region.[1]

Protected areas
Sirmilik National Park

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Qikiqtaaluk Region had a population of 19,355 living in 5,530 of its 6,573 total private dwellings, a change of 1.9% from its 2016 population of 18,988. With a land area of 970,554.61 km2 (374,733.23 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.0/km2 (0.1/sq mi) in 2021.[21]

Surrounding census divisions

See also

References
  1. Philip Goldring (Winter 2015). "Historians and Inuit: learning from the Qikiqtani Truth Commission, 2007-2010". Canadian Journal of History. University of Toronto via GALE. 50 (3): 492–523. doi:10.3138/CJH.ACH.50.3.005. S2CID 146493747. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  2. IHT’s Nunavut Map Series
  3. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Baffin, Region [Census division]". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  4. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Iqaluit". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  5. Statistics Canada. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Arctic Bay". Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  6. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Cape Dorset". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  7. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Clyde River". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  8. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Grrise Fiord". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  9. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Hall Beach". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  10. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Igloolik". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  11. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Kimmirut". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  12. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Pangnirtung". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  13. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Pond Inlet". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  14. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Qikiqtarjuaq". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  15. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Resolute". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  16. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Sanikiluaq". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  17. "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table - Qikiqtaaluk, Unorganized, Unorganized (NO) Nunavut [Census subdivision]". February 1, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  18. Rigby, Bruce. "101. Qaummaarviit Historic Park". The 1998 Nunavut Handbook: Travelling in Canada's Arctic (PDF). pp. 324–325. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 29, 2006. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  19. Jamieson, John. "The Dorsets: Depicting Culture Through Soapstone Carving" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
  20. Tanner, Adrian (1999). "Innu Culture: Innu-Inuit 'Warfare'". Indigenous Peoples. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
  21. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.

Further reading
  • Kavik, Lisi, and Miriam Fleming. Qikiqtamiut Cookbook. [Sanikiluaq, Nunavut]: Municipality of Sanikiluaq, 2002. ISBN 1-896445-22-5
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