Queen Jeongan

Queen Jeongan (정안왕후 김씨, 30 January 1355 – 11 August 1412[1]) or Queen Anjeong (안정왕후), of the Gyeongju Kim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and queen consort of Yi Gyeong, King Jeongjong; the second monarch of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1398 until her husband's abdication in 1400 and honoured as Queen Deok (덕비), after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Sundeok (순덕왕대비).

Queen Jeongan
정안왕후
Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure28 November 1400 – 2 August 1412
PredecessorDynasty established
SuccessorQueen Dowager Hudeok
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure5 September 1398 – 28 November 1400
PredecessorQueen Sindeok
SuccessorQueen Wongyeong
Crown Princess of Joseon
Tenure26 August 1398 – 5 September 1398
PredecessorTitle established
SuccessorCrown Princess Jeong
Born30 January 1355
Kingdom of Goryeo
Died11 August 1412 (1412-08-12) (aged 57)
Indeok Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Hureung, Kaepung County, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea
SpouseKing Jeongjong of Joseon
IssueNone
Posthumous name
  • 정안왕후; 定安王后
  • 안정왕후; 安定王后
  • 온명장의정안왕후; 溫明莊懿定安王后 (1681)
HouseGyeongju Kim (by birth)
Jeonju Yi (by marriage)
FatherKim Cheon-Seo
MotherLady Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan

Biography

Early life

Lady Kim was born during King Gongmin of Goyreo’s 4th year of reign on 30 January 1355 into the Gyeongju Kim clan as the eldest daughter of Kim Cheon-seo and Lady Lee of the Damyang Lee clan. Lady Kim had an older brother and six younger siblings.

It is unknown what year she married Yi Bang-gwa, the second son of Yi Seong-gye and Lady Han.

Royal life

In 1398, at the age of 42-43, she became Crown Princess Consort Deok when her husband, Prince Yeongan (the future King Jeongjong), became Crown Prince. Her father was given the royal title of “Internal Prince Wolseong, Kim Cheon-seo” (월성부원군 김천서, 月城府院君 金天瑞), and her mother was given the royal title of “Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan” (삼한국대부인 담양 이씨, 三韓國大夫人 潭陽 李氏).

She was then referred as “Queen Consort Deok" (덕비; Deokbi meaning Virtuous Consort)[2] from the 5 September 1398 until her husband’s abdication.

In the aftermath of the Second Strife of Princes when her husband abdicated in favor of his younger brother, Yi Bang-won, Prince Jeongan on 28 November 1400, along with him being bestowed the courtesy title of "King Emeritus Inmungongye" (인문공예상왕), she was bestowed the courtesy title of "Queen Dowager Sundeok" (순덕왕대비, Sundeok-Wangdaebi) by her royal brother-in-law.

Death and posthumous title

Queen Deok later died on 11 August 1412 during her brother-in-law’s, King Taejong, reign. Her husband outlived her by seven years and both are buried within Hureung in Yeongjeong-ri, Kaepung County, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea. She had no issue with King Jeongjong.

She was given the posthumous title of Queen Jeongan (정안왕후, 定安王后) after her death, but was also given another lesser-known posthumous title "Queen Anjeong" (안정왕후, 安定王后) during King Yeonsan’s 10th year of reign and King Gwanghae’s 1st year of reign.

In 1681, 270 years after her death, King Sukjong added Onmyeongjangui (온명장의, 溫明莊懿) to her posthumous title.

Family

Parent

  • Father — Kim Cheon-seo (김천서, 金天瑞)
    • Grandfather — Kim Moon-jung (김문중, 金文仲)
    • Grandmother — Lady Yun (정부인 윤씨, 貞夫人 尹氏); daughter of Yun Beon (윤번, 尹蕃)
  • Mother — Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan (삼한국대부인 담양 이씨, 三韓國大夫人 潭陽 李氏)
    • Grandfather — Lee Ye (이예, 李藝)
    • Grandmother — Lady Yu of the Munhwa Yu clan (정부인 문화 유씨, 貞夫人 文化 柳氏); daughter of Yu In-su (유인수, 柳仁修)
    • Uncle — Lee Gwang-shin (이광신, 李光臣)
    • Unnamed uncle

Sibling

  • Older brother — Kim Seok-jun (김석준, 金釋俊)
  • Younger brother — Kim Su, Prince Wolseong, Duke Jeongho (월성군 정호공 김수, 金需) (1338 - 1409)
    • Niece - Grand Lady of Jin State, Princess Hwasuk of the Gyeongju Kim clan (진한국대부인 화숙옹주 경주 김씨); first wife of Internal Prince Ikpyeong
      • Nephew-in-law - Yi Seok-geun, Duke Ahnryang, Internal Prince Ikpyeong (익평부원군 안량공 이석근)[3]
        • Grandnephew - Yi In, Prince Shinui (신의군 이인)
        • Grandnephew - Yi Ui, Prince Shinseong (원윤 증 신성군 의)
    • Nephew — Kim Gyeom (김겸, 金謙)
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏)
  • Younger brother — Kim Sam-won (김삼원, 金三原)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨);[4] daughter of Min Gye-jeong (민계정, 閔繼禎)
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏)[5]
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Gwing, Prince Yeoyang (이굉 여양군, 李宏)[6]
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏)
    • Brother-in-law - No Yeong-guk (노영국, 盧永國)
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Yun Yu-rin (윤유린, 尹有麟) of the Papyeong Yun clan

Consort

  • Husband — King Jeongjong of Joseon (18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419) (조선 정종) — No issue.
    • Mother-in-law — Queen Shinui of the Anbyeon Han clan (신의왕후 안변 한씨, 神懿王后 安邊 韓氏) (1333 - 21 October 1391)
    • Father-in-law — King Taejo of Joseon (태조대왕, 太祖大王) (27 October 1335 - 18 June 1408)
    • Brother-in-law — Yi Bang-woo, Prince Jinan (진안대군 방우, 鎭安大君 芳雨) (1354 - 1393)
    • Brother-in-law — Yi Ui, Prince Ikan (익안대군 방의, 益安大君 芳毅) (1360 - 1404)
    • Brother-in-law — Yi Bang-gan, Prince Hoean (회안대군 방간, 懷安大君 芳幹) (1364 - 1421)
    • Brother-in-law — King Taejong of Joseon (태종대왕, 太宗大王) (1367 - 1422). Wife: Queen Wongyeong of the Yeoheung Min clan (원경왕후 민씨, 元敬王后 閔氏) (1365 - 1420)

References
  1. In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 9 January 1355 and died on 25 June 1412
  2. muchadoboutlove (2020-11-09). "Royal Titles of Joseon Consorts". the talking cupboard. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  3. He was the grandson of King Taejo and Queen Sinui through his father, Grand Prince Ikan.
  4. Her mother, Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan, was the second daughter of Yi Yong-saeng, Prince Jeongseok (증 정석군 이융생;1409 - 1464) and Princess Consort Chungwon of the Chungju Kwon clan (충원군부인 충주 권씨). Prince Jeongseok was the third son of King Jeongjong with Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haengju Ki clan.
  5. After the death of her husband, Lady Kim went to live in Jeongeobwon. Jeongeobwon was the place where concubines/spouses, who lost their spouse, went out and spent the rest of their lives there.
  6. He is a nephew of Queen Wongyeong and King Taejong
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