Ramhormoz
Ramhormoz (Persian: رامهرمز) is a city in the Central District of Ramhormoz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district. In ancient times it had been known as Samangan, having been established by the Sassanid king Hormizd I,[3] although an Elamite tomb has been found as well. The historical territory of Ramshir is in this area, only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the city.
Ramhormoz
Persian: رامهرمز | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Main building of Samimi Mansion | |
  Ramhormoz  Ramhormoz | |
| Coordinates: 31°16′31″N 49°36′16″E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Ramhormoz |
| District | Central |
| Area | |
| • Total | 49.49 km2 (19.11 sq mi) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Total | 74,285 |
| • Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 49,822 in 10,966 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 69,869 people in 17,046 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 74,285 people in 20,127 households.[2]
According to a hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari, Ramhormoz is the ancestral homeland of Salman the Persian, a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.[6][7][8]
History
The proper history of the city begins in the Sassanid era, although there have been Elamite remains found in and around the city as well. The tomb of the Sassanid founder of the city, Hormizd I, is commonly thought to be situated within the city. "With the gradual Muslim conquest of Khuzestan in the 7th century, Rāmhormoz was the scene of a peace agreement between the local Sasanian satrap, Hormozān, and the commander of the Muslim army.".[9]
During the Islamic times, it was remarked by Muslim Geographers that the city contained a library comparable only to the one in Basra in the wealth of its collection, and that silk was produced in the city and distributed to distant lands.[10][11] The city enjoyed incredible opulence before entering a state of decline.
The 14th century Muslim Moroccan Berber traveler and explorer, Ibn Battuta, visited the city during his travels and described the city as "a fine city with fruit-trees and rivers."[12]
From late Safavid times until the Qajar era, the allegiance of the city frequently shifted between Khuzestan and Fars. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Lurs and Arabs started to settle within and around the city from nearby lands.[13]
People
The language of the people of Ramhormoz (which is also called Rumezi) is a Bakhtiari dialect.[14]
Climate
Ramhormoz has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh).
| Climate data for Ramhormoz (1987–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
37.4 (99.3) |
43.2 (109.8) |
47.8 (118.0) |
50.6 (123.1) |
51.6 (124.9) |
51.4 (124.5) |
48.6 (119.5) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
51.6 (124.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
32.1 (89.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
44.5 (112.1) |
46.0 (114.8) |
45.8 (114.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
35.9 (96.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
32.2 (90.0) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
34.2 (93.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
26.3 (79.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 77.1 (3.04) |
42.5 (1.67) |
43.2 (1.70) |
19.7 (0.78) |
1.9 (0.07) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.9 (0.04) |
8.0 (0.31) |
29.0 (1.14) |
87.5 (3.44) |
310.2 (12.21) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.0 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 5.7 | 29.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 58 | 48 | 37 | 21 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 28 | 45 | 65 | 37 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 175.5 | 195.1 | 229.8 | 233.4 | 290.6 | 339.6 | 336.1 | 339.8 | 309.8 | 272.3 | 214.7 | 178.3 | 3,115 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[15] (temperatures),[16] (precipitation),[17] (humidity),[18] (days with precipitation),[19]
(sunshine)[20] | |||||||||||||
See also
- Tashkooh mountain
- Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Khallād al-Rāmahurmuzī—an early Islamic scholar and hadith specialist
References
- OpenStreetMap contributors (7 August 2023). "Ramhormoz, Ramhormoz County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- The History of Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. SUNY Press. 1999. p. 43. ISBN 9780791443569.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- Milad Milani (2014). Sufism in the Secret History of Persia. Routledge. p. 180. ISBN 9781317544593.
In one particular hadith, Salman mentions he is from Ramhormoz, though this is a reference to his ancestry as his father was transferred from Ramhormoz to Esfahan, residing in Jey (just outside the military camp), which was designed to accommodate the domestic requirements of military personnel.
- Mukhtaṣar Sīrat Al-Rasūl. Translated by Sameh Strauch. Darussalam. 2006. p. 94. ISBN 9789960980324.
- Sahih Bukhari, Book 5, Volume 58, Hadith 283 (Merits of the Helpers in Madinah [Ansaar]).
Narrated Salman: I am from Ram-Hurmuz (i.e. a Persian town).
- Chase F. Robinson, “The Conquest of Khūzistān,” BSOAS 67/1, 2004, pp. 14-39.
- Wilhelm Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton, N.J, 1984.
- اصطخری, ابواسحاق ابراهیم، به اهتمام ایرج افشار (1368). مسالک و ممالک. تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
- The Travels of Ibn Battuta A. D. 1325-1354. Volume II. pp. 283. The Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press; First Thus Edition (January 1, 1962)
- "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- "Khuzestan viii. Dialects". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
-
- "Highest record temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Lowest record temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
-
- "Average Maximum temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Mean Daily temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Minimum temperature in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Monthly Total Precipitation in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average relative humidity in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Monthly total sunshine hours in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
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