Ratan Lal Brahmachary

Ratan Lal Brahmachary[lower-alpha 1] (listenⓘ Bengali: [Ratana lāla brahmacārī])(1932 - 13 February 2018) was a distinguished biochemist and a pioneer of tiger pheromone studies in India.[5][6] He was widely known for his research in pheromones, although his academic background based on Physics, specifically on astrophysics under guidance of S.N. Bose. Brahmachary made significant contributions in tiger behavioral studies researching the animal for over 50 years. He studied many species of wildlife, notably big cats and undertook research trips to his favourite continent Africa fourteen times.[1] Brahmachary studied ethology in the Amazon basin in South America and Borneo, Indonesia with an ardent admirer of entomologist Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya.[7]

Rabindra Puraskar Awardee

Ratan Lal Brahmachary
রতন লাল ব্রহ্মচারী
In 2014, Kolkata
Born1932
Dhaka, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Bangladesh)
Died13 February 2018 (86)
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Burial placeBody donated to R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata[1] for medical research
NationalityBritish Indian (1932–1947)
Indian (1947–2018)
EducationTheoretical physics (Astrophysics), Student of Satyendra Nath Bose
(University of Calcutta)
Alma materRajabazar Science College
University of Calcutta
OccupationProfessor Of Indian Statistical Institute[2]
Years active1957-2018
EmployerProfessor of Biology Dept. of Indian Statistical Institute[2]
OrganizationBorn Free Foundation (Founder patron[3])
Notable workStudy on tiger phenomenon
Others work
  • Human pheromone
  • Scented and non-scented Mung bean
  • Solution of the Combined Gravitational and Mesic Field Equations in General Relativity
AwardsRabindra Puraskar
HonoursD.Sc. from University of Calcutta in 2008[4]

He once said in an interview[8]

Biology is as fascinating as probing the mysteries of the physical universe. The inner universe of an organism or of an ecosystem is as challenging as the outer Universe of the expanding cosmos

He died in pneumonia on 13 February 2018 in a city Nursing home in Kolkata, India.[3] Brahmachary had pledged his body to medical research. After paying respect his body was handed over to Radha Govinda Kar Hospital authorities.[1]

Early life and education

Ratan Lal Brahmachary belongs to Bengali Hindu family. He was born in Dhaka, Bengal, British India (now in Bangladesh ) in 1932.[7]

Professor Brahmachary's early education was in Calcutta, Dacca and Hamburg. He was an astrophysicist. He was a student of the eminent Indian theoretical physicist Satyendra Nath Bose. However, since 1960 he moved into biology, making significant original contributions to molecular embryology, and later, since late 1970s became an ecologist, studying mammalian pheromones, at the Indian Statistical Institute under its founder Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.[2]

As a biochemist
Ratan Lal Brahmachary with George Adamson in Kora National Park, Kenya.

Following a decade of work on relativistic field theory Astrophysist, Professor Ratan Lal Brahmachary joined Indian Statistical Institute in 1957 and there he was professor of Biology Department and a veteran on tiger research. He did his extensive research in Marine Biological Labs in Italy, France and other institutes in Europe.[7]

Professor Brahmachary's early work was on molecular embryology of invertebrates, and in the 1970s, during a series of visits to Africa, studied food habits of mountain Gorilla. For more than 30 years since 1979, his major research emphasis was on pheromones of tigers and other big cats. He was interested in Animal Behaviour long before the subject was introduced in this part of the world. To observe wildlife, he visited Africa 14 times. He also worked in the Amazon area and Borneo and in the Mediterranean and Andaman Islands.

Notable works

Tiger pheromones

He was among the first scientists to observe the scent-marking behaviour of tigers, where the animals spray urine on tree branches to mark their territories and communicate via biochemical messengers.[9] Brahmachary, along with Jyotirmoy Dutta of Bose Institute, Kolkata made the first comprehensive approach towards understanding the nature of big cat pheromones. After Years long researched on Synthesising the chemical nature of tiger urine (marking fluid), he found out that the molecule 2 acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP)[10] was present in tiger urine (marking fluid) and was the very same molecule that imparts the beautiful aroma to fragrant varieties of rice like basmati.[7][11]

Human pheromone

Professor Brahmachary gave his opinion on human pheromone. In an interview he expressed[8]

Human pheromones constitute a terribly controversial subject. Tristram D. Wyatt of Oxford has discussed this subject in detail in ‘The Neurobiology of Chemical Communication.’ I feel that in the distant ancestry of the human species, pheromones played a role but by now only a vestige remains.

Scented and non-scented mung bean

Mung bean is a widely consumed legume of India as well as of Asia. In India, two varieties of this bean, scented and non-scented, are available. The scented variety produces a beautiful aroma when fried, boiled or cooked. Professor Brahmachari researched on this phenomenon with Moumita Pal and Mahua Ghosh. This study was carried out for comparison of the physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of these two varieties.[12]

On physics

Professor Brahmachari did a research on "Solution of the Combined Gravitational and Mesic Field Equations in General Relativity". Which was published in 1960 in Progress of Theoretical Physics.[13]

Born Free Foundation

He was one of the founder patron[3] of Zoo Check. Now it is the Born Free Foundation since 1984. Brahmachary always believed that "wildlife belongs in the wild and strongly stood for compassionate treatment of animals in research". About Born free foundation he told in an interview[8]

I am primarily a researcher, secondarily or thirdly a conservation activist. The two are inseparably interrelated. How can I study tigers if the tiger becomes extinct before completing my studies? How can the conservationists take proper steps to conserve the tiger unless we find out some principles and data through research? All said and done, the appeal for conservation nonetheless is wider because even non-scientists love the world of animals and plants. Many people do not want to kill animals or cut down trees on religious grounds. Others are learning the basic principles of ecology and doing the same.

Books

He wrote several books in Bangla to promote the cause of wildlife protection and scientific observation of animal behaviour. most notable books are listed below.

  • আফ্রিকার জঙ্গলে বারো বার (Africar Jongoley Barobar) (translation in English Twelve Visits to the African Jungle)[7]
  • বাঘ সিংহ হাতি (Bagh, Shingha, Haathi) (translation in English Tiger, Lion and Elephant)[7]

His academic book My Tryst With Big Cats is quite popular among tiger studies scholars.[14][7]

Summary of his last work on tiger phenomenon was published in a book named The Neurobiology of Chemical Communication. This book edited by Carl Mucignat Caretta on 2014.[15]

Award

For his contributions to science popularisation, he received the coveted state prize of West Bengal Rabindra Puraskar. He also got D.Sc. degree from the University of Calcutta in 2008.[4]

Notes
  1. Romanised from Bengali script: Roton Lal Bromhochari.

References
  1. "Obituary: Professor Ratan Lal Brahmachary". www.indiawilds.com. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  2. "Indian Statistical Institute - Ratan Lal Brahmachary". Indian Statistical Institute. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  3. "Professor Ratan Lal Brahmachary". Born Free Foundation. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  4. "Hony. Degrees". www.caluniv.ac.in. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  5. Poddar-Sarkar, Mousumi; Brahmachary, Ratan Lal (2014). Mucignat-Caretta, Carla (ed.). Neurobiology of Chemical Communication. Frontiers in Neuroscience. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781466553415. PMID 24830027.
  6. "Indira Gandhi hated zoos and loved animals: Jairam Ramesh chronicles her green mission". CatchNews.com. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  7. "Pioneer of pheromone studies Ratan Lal Brahmachary no more". Nature India. doi:10.1038/nindia.2018.18 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  8. "The smelly world of tiger pheromones". Nature India. 2014. doi:10.1038/nindia.2014.168.
  9. Brahmachary, R. L.; Poddar-Sarkar, Mousumi (2015). "Fifty years of tiger pheromone research". Current Science. 108 (12): 2178–2185. ISSN 0011-3891. JSTOR 24905653.
  10. Soso, Simone B.; Koziel, Jacek A. (11 July 2017). "Characterizing the scent and chemical composition of Panthera leo marking fluid using solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-olfactometry". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 5137. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5137S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04973-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5506057. PMID 28698649.
  11. Burger, B. V.; Viviers, M. Z.; Bekker, J. P. I.; le Roux, M.; Fish, N.; Fourie, W. B.; Weibchen, G. (May 2008). "Chemical Characterization of Territorial Marking Fluid of Male Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 34 (5): 659–671. doi:10.1007/s10886-008-9462-y. PMID 18437496. S2CID 5558760.
  12. "R.L. Brahmachary's research | University of Calcutta, Kolkata and other places". ResearchGate. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  13. Lal, Brahmachary, Ratan (1 April 1960). "A Solution of the Combined Gravitational and Mesic Field Equations in General Relativity". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 23 (4): 749–750. Bibcode:1960PThPh..23..749B. doi:10.1143/PTP.23.749. ISSN 0033-068X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. "My Tryst With Big Cats". www.sanctuaryasia.com. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  15. Mucignat-Caretta, Carla (2014). Neurobiology of chemical communication. ISBN 9781466553415. OCLC 777603321.
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