Red-billed pied tanager

The red-billed pied tanager (Lamprospiza melanoleuca) is a species of bird in the family Mitrospingidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname.[2][3] Placed in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers, for over two centuries, the International Ornithological Committee reclassified this species to Mitrospingidae in 2018.

Red-billed pied tanager
Male
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Mitrospingidae
Genus: Lamprospiza
Cabanis, 1847
Species:
L. melanoleuca
Binomial name
Lamprospiza melanoleuca
(Vieillot, 1817)
Synonyms

Saltator melanoleucus Vieillot, 1817
Psaris habia Lesson, 1830

Taxonomy and systematics

French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot described the red-billed pied tanager as Saltator melanoleucus in 1817.[4] In 1823, English ornithologist John Latham called it the divaricated tanager, having seen a specimen in Lord Stanley's collection.[5] French naturalist René Lesson called it Psaris habia in his work Centurie zoologique.[6] English ornithologist George Robert Gray followed on by placing in the genus Tityra as T. habia in his Genera of Birds.[7] German ornithologist Jean Cabanis defined the genus Lamprospiza in 1847, giving it the binomial name of Lamprospiza habia.[8] Finally English zoologist Philip Sclater gave it its current name in 1856, synonymising the species descriptions to date.[9]

The red-billed pied tanager and the three other species in family Mitrospingidae were previously placed in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. A 2013 publication detailed how they did not belong there and proposed the new family for them.[10] The North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society accepted the new placement in July 2017 and March 2019, respectively.[11][12] The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) followed suit in January 2018.[13]

The red-billed pied tanager is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.[2]

Description

The red-billed pied tanager is 17 to 18 cm (6.7 to 7.1 in) long and weighs 24 to 42 g (0.85 to 1.48 oz). The male's head and upper parts are glossy blue-black, its throat and chest black, and the rest of the underparts white. The female is similar but the nape, back, and rump are gray. Both have the eponymous red bill. The juvenile is quite different; it has a black bill and head. Its upper back is white and the lower back mottled black and white. The underparts are white with some black mixed in.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The red-billed pied tanager is found in the upper Amazon Basin from eastern and southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia east to central Brazil and north into the Guianas. There it inhabits the canopy and emergent trees of humid terra firme forest up to about 900 m (3,000 ft) elevation. It can also be found on the edges of the forest.[3]

Behavior

Feeding

The red-billed pied tanager's diet includes berries, seeds, beetles, and Cecropia catkins. It typically forages in groups of three to eight individuals that may associate with mixed-species feeding flocks. It hops between branches and occasionally sallies out for flying prey.[3]

Breeding

Very little has been published about the red-billed pied tanager's breeding phenology. A female was seen on a nest in Brazil's Amazonas state in February. Fledged young were seen in Mato Grosso in June and in Amazonas in September.[3]

Vocalization

The red-billed pied tanager's song is complex, "a semi-musical but jumbled series". Flocks give a call rendered as "ééé-ééh...ééé-ééé-ééh...ééé-ééh-yuu...".[3]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the red-billed pied tanager as being of Least Concern.[1] It has a "reasonably large range, and no obvious threats."[3]

References
  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Red-billed Pied Tanager Lamprospiza melanoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  2. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)". Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  3. Hilty, S. (2020). Red-billed Pied Tanager (Lamprospiza melanoleuca), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rbptan1.01 retrieved May 14, 2021
  4. Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1817). Dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Vol. 14. Paris: Chez Deterville. p. 105.
  5. Latham, John (1823). A general history of birds. Vol. 6. Winchester: Jacob and Johnson. p. 40.
  6. Lesson, Rene (1830). Centurie zoologique. Brussels: Chez F.G. Levrault. p. 186.
  7. Gray, George Robert (1846). The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several gener. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 253–254.
  8. Cabanis, Jean Louis (1847). Ornithologische Notizen. Berlin: Gebr. Unger. p. 246.
  9. Sclater, Philip (1856). "Synopsis Avium Tanagrum - A descriptive catalogue of the known species of tanagers". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 64–94 [78].
  10. Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2013). "Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds". Systematic Biology. 62 (2): 298–320. doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys094. PMID 23229025.
  11. R. Terry Chesser, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, and Kevin Winker. "Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2017, vol. 134:751-773 retrieved July 7, 2017
  12. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021
  13. Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (January 2018). "IOC World Bird List (v8.1)". Retrieved February 4, 2018.
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