Rhizorhabdus wittichii

The species Rhizorhabdus wittichii, formerly Sphingomonas wittichii, is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped motile bacterium, with an optimum growth temperature at 30 °C.[2] It forms a greyish white colony.[3] It has been found to have a 67mol% of DNA G+C content.[3]

Rhizorhabdus wittichii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Order: Sphingomonadales
Family: Sphingomonadaceae
Genus: Rhizorhabdus
Species:
R. wittichii
Binomial name
Rhizorhabdus wittichii
(Yabuuchi et al. 2001) Hördt et al. 2020[1]
Synonyms

Sphingomonas wittichii Yabuuchi et al. 2001

The R. wittichii RW1 genome consists of 5,915,246 bp and consists of a single circular chromosome and two plasmids.[4]

Background

It was first isolated from water of the River Elbe by R.-M. Wittich, after whom the species is named.[2]

The species was originally thought to belong to the genus Sphingomonas, despite poor alignment of its 16S rRNA gene with its putative nearest neighbor.[5] It has since been reclassified to Rhizorhabdus as part of a larger re-evaluation of Alphaproteobacteria.[6]

Strain(s)

Its type strain is R. wittichii RW1 DSM 6014T (= JCM 10273T = EY 4224T).[7]

Mechanism and biotechnological applications

R. wittichii RW1 is notable for metabolising dibenzo-p-dioxin and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid.[8] In fact, Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 (RW1) is one of the very few strains that can grow on dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD).[9] Furthermore, this bacterium also grows on dibenzofuran and 4-chloro-dibenzofuran, using them as the sole carbon sources.[9] Such biodegradative capabilities are not unique to this strain.

R. wittichii MPO218 degrades ibuprofen, carrying degradative genes on a large plasmid.[10] Thanks to its wide-ranging metabolic capabilities and likely propensity to acquire novel degradation genes, in no small part due to its wealth of plasmids,[11]

The unusual arrangement of its genes involved in dioxin degradation, and the full description of the dioxin degradation pathway, is still under investigation.

This organism holds a high potential for biotechnological applications.[12]

References
  1. Page Species: Rhizorhabdus wittichii on "LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature". Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  2. Yabuuchi E, Yamamoto H, Terakubo S, Okamura N, Naka T, Fujiwara N, et al. (March 2001). "Proposal of Sphingomonas wittichii sp. nov. for strain RW1T, known as a dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolizer". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (Pt 2): 281–292. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-2-281. PMID 11321072.
  3. Kim M, Kang O, Zhang Y, Ren L, Chang X, Jiang F, et al. (January 2016). "Sphingoaurantiacus polygranulatus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from high-Arctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of the genera Sandarakinorhabdus, Polymorphobacter and Rhizorhabdus and the species Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila, Rhizorhabdus argentea and Sphingomonas wittichii". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (1): 91–100. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000677. PMID 26475309.
  4. "PATRIC". patricbrc.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  5. "Home - Sphingomonas wittichii RW1". genome.jgi.doe.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  6. Hördt A, López MG, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Schleuning M, Weinhold LM, Tindall BJ, et al. (2020). "Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 468. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468. PMC 7179689. PMID 32373076.
  7. Podstawka A. "Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1 | Type strain | DSM 6014, JCM 10273, JCM 15750, CCUG 31198, CIP 107293, KCTC 12908, MTCC 7933, NBRC 100425, NBRC 105917 | BacDiveID:14228". bacdive.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
  8. Ma Z, Shen X, Hu H, Wang W, Peng H, Xu P, Zhang X (July 2012). "Genome sequence of Sphingomonas wittichii DP58, the first reported phenazine-1-carboxylic acid-degrading strain". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (13): 3535–3536. doi:10.1128/JB.00330-12. PMC 3434718. PMID 22689229.
  9. Chai B, Tsoi TV, Iwai S, Liu C, Fish JA, Gu C, et al. (2016-06-16). "Sphingomonas wittichii Strain RW1 Genome-Wide Gene Expression Shifts in Response to Dioxins and Clay". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0157008. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157008C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157008. PMC 4911050. PMID 27309357.
  10. Aulestia M, Flores A, Acosta-Jurado S, Santero E, Camacho EM (June 2022). Kivisaar M (ed.). "Genetic Characterization of the Ibuprofen-Degradative Pathway of Rhizorhabdus wittichii MPO218". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 88 (11): e0038822. Bibcode:2022ApEnM..88E.388A. doi:10.1128/aem.00388-22. PMC 9195938. PMID 35604231.
  11. Basta T, Keck A, Klein J, Stolz A (June 2004). "Detection and characterization of conjugative degradative plasmids in xenobiotic-degrading Sphingomonas strains". Journal of Bacteriology. 186 (12): 3862–3872. doi:10.1128/JB.186.12.3862-3872.2004. PMC 419928. PMID 15175300.
  12. "Home - Sphingomonas wittichii RW1". genome.jgi.doe.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-20.

Further reading
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