Robert Giffen

Robert Giffen
Robert Giffen
Born	22 July 1837; Strathaven, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Died	12 April 1910 (aged 72); Fort Augustus, Scotland
Alma mater	University of Glasgow
Occupation(s)	Economist, statistician

Sir Robert Giffen KCB FRS (22 July 1837 – 12 April 1910) was a Scottish statistician and economist.[1]

Life

Giffen was born at Strathaven, Lanarkshire. He entered a solicitor's office in Glasgow, and while in that city attended courses at the university. He drifted into journalism, and after working for the Stirling Journal he went to London in 1862 and joined the staff of the Globe. He also assisted John Morley, when the latter edited the Fortnightly Review. In 1868 he became Walter Bagehot's assistant-editor on The Economist; and his services were also secured in 1873 as city editor of the Daily News, and later of The Times.

His reputation as a financial journalist and statistician, gained in these years, led to his appointment in 1876 as head of the statistical department in the Board of Trade, and subsequently he became assistant secretary (1882) and finally controller-general (1892), retiring in 1897. As chief statistical adviser to the government, he drew up reports, gave evidence before commissions of inquiry, and acted as a government auditor.

Giffen was president of the Statistical Society (1882–1884); He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1891. In 1892 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1894 he received the Guy Medal (gold) from the RSS. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1897.

Robert Giffen continued in later years to take a leading part in all public controversies connected with finance and taxation, and his high authority and practical experience were universally recognised. He was awarded a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1895.[2] He died somewhat suddenly in Fort Augustus, Scotland on 12 April 1910.

Works

Giffen published essays on financial subjects. His major publications were:

American Railways as Investments (1873);
Essays on Finance (1879 and 1884);
The Progress of the Working Classes (1884);
The Growth of Capital (1890);
The Case against Bimetallism (1892); and
Economic Inquiries and Studies (1904).[3]

The concept of a Giffen good is named after him. Alfred Marshall wrote in the third (1895) edition of his Principles of Economics:

As Mr. Giffen has pointed out, a rise in the price of bread makes so large a drain on the resources of the poorer labouring families and raises so much the marginal utility of money to them, that they are forced to curtail their consumption of meat and the more expensive farinaceous foods: and, bread being still the cheapest food which they can get and will take, they consume more, and not less of it.

Marshall's attribution identified no corresponding passage in Giffen's writings.

On 25 March 1908, Giffen spoke at the Royal United Services Institution in London, where he predicted that a major war would shock the world credit system, which in turn would virtually halt international trade.[4] This inspired the British Admiralty's plans for economic warfare at the outbreak of the First World War.[5]

References

R. S. Mason Robert Giffen and the Giffen Paradox, Philip Allan (1989)
A. E. Bateman, "Sir Robert Giffen", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 73, (1910) pp. 529–533. (includes photograph)
F. Y. Edgeworth, "Sir Robert Griffen", Economic Journal, 20, (1910) pp. 318–321.
"Sir Robert Giffen - Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 13 April 1910.

Notes

"Giffen, Sir Robert". Who's Who: 738. 1910.
"Sir Robert Giffen". The Times. London. 13 April 1910. p. 13.
"Review of Economic Inquiries and Studies by Sir Robert Giffen, 2 vols". The Oxford Magazine. The Proprietors. 23: 419. 21 June 1905.
See:
- Giffen, Robert (1908). "The necessity of a war chest in this country, or a greatly increased gold reserve". Royal United Services Institution. Journal. 52 (368): 1329–1353. doi:10.1080/03071840809418923.
- "Our gold reserve: Necessity for a war chest," The Morning Post (London), 1908 March 26; reprinted in: James Carmichael Smith, Money and Profit-sharing: Or, The Double Standard Money System (London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1908), pp. 196–200.
- Lambert, Nicholas A. (2012). Planning Armageddon. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780674063068.
(Lambert, 2012), p. 111.

External links

Works by or about Robert Giffen at Wikisource

Attribution

The main part of this entry is taken from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "Giffen, Sir Robert". Who's Who: 738. 1910.

[Obit-2] "Sir Robert Giffen". The Times. London. 13 April 1910. p. 13.

[3] "Review of Economic Inquiries and Studies by Sir Robert Giffen, 2 vols". The Oxford Magazine. The Proprietors. 23: 419. 21 June 1905.

[4] See:
Giffen, Robert (1908). "The necessity of a war chest in this country, or a greatly increased gold reserve". Royal United Services Institution. Journal. 52 (368): 1329–1353. doi:10.1080/03071840809418923.

"Our gold reserve: Necessity for a war chest," The Morning Post (London), 1908 March 26; reprinted in: James Carmichael Smith, Money and Profit-sharing: Or, The Double Standard Money System (London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1908), pp. 196–200.

Lambert, Nicholas A. (2012). Planning Armageddon. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780674063068.

[5] Giffen, Robert (1908). "The necessity of a war chest in this country, or a greatly increased gold reserve". Royal United Services Institution. Journal. 52 (368): 1329–1353. doi:10.1080/03071840809418923.

[6] "Our gold reserve: Necessity for a war chest," The Morning Post (London), 1908 March 26; reprinted in: James Carmichael Smith, Money and Profit-sharing: Or, The Double Standard Money System (London, England: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1908), pp. 196–200.

[7] Lambert, Nicholas A. (2012). Planning Armageddon. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780674063068.

[5] (Lambert, 2012), p. 111.

Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838 Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840 The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842 Viscount Sandon 1842–1843 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845 Lord Ashley 1845–1847 The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849 The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851 The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853 The Lord Overstone 1853–1855 The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857 The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859 Lord Stanley 1859–1861 Lord John Russell 1861–1863 Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865 William Henry Sykes 1865–1867 The Lord Houghton 1867–1869 William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871 William Newmarch 1871–1873 William Farr 1873–1875 William Guy 1875–1877 James Heywood 1877–1879 George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880 Thomas Brassey 1880–1882 James Caird 1882–1884 Robert Giffen 1884–1886 Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888 George Goschen 1888–1890 Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892 Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894 Charles Booth 1894–1896 The Lord Farrer 1896–1897 John Biddulph Martin 1897 Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899 Leonard Courtney 1899–1900 Henry Fowler 1900–1902 The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904 Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905 Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906 The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907 Richard Martin 1907–1909 Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910 Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912 Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914 Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915 The Lord Welby 1915–1916 Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918 Bernard Mallet, Registrar General 1918–1920 Herbert Samuel 1920–1922 R. Henry Rew 1922–1924 The Lord Emmott 1924–1926 Udny Yule 1926–1928 The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930 A. William Flux 1930–1932 Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934 The Lord Meston 1934–1936 Major Greenwood 1936–1938 The Lord Kennet 1938–1940 Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941 Henry William Macrosty 1941 Hector Leak 1941–1943 William Beveridge 1943–1945 Ernest Charles Snow 1945–1947 The Lord Woolton 1947–1949 David Heron 1949–1950 Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952 Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954 Ronald Fisher 1954–1955 The Lord Piercy 1955–1957 Egon Pearson 1957–1959 Harry Campion 1959–1960 Hugh Beaver 1960–1962 Maurice Kendall 1962–1964 Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965 Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966 L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967 M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968 Frank Yates 1968–1969 Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970 R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971 Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972 George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973 Harold Wilson 1973–1974 D. J. Finney 1974–1975 Henry Daniels 1975–1977 Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978 Henry Wynn 1978–1980 Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982 David Cox 1982–1984 Peter Armitage 1984–1985 Walter Bodmer 1985–1986 John Nelder 1986–1987 James Durbin 1987–1989 John Kingman 1989–1991 Peter G. Moore 1991–1993 T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995 D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997 Adrian Smith 1997–1999 Robert Nicholas Curnow 1999–2001 Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003 Peter Green 2003–2005 Andy Grieve 2005–2007 Tim Holt 2008–2009 David Hand 2010–2010 Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replaced pro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012 Valerie Isham 2013–2014 John Pullinger 2014–2016 Peter Diggle 2017–2018 David Spiegelhalter 2019– Deborah Ashby
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