Bec Abbey

Bec Abbey, formally the Abbey of Our Lady of Bec (French: Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec), is a Benedictine monastic foundation in the Eure département, in the Bec valley midway between the cities of Rouen and Bernay. It is located in Le Bec Hellouin, Normandy, France, and was the most influential abbey of the 12th-century Anglo-Norman kingdom.[1]

South side of the abbey, the church and the monks' cells seen from Le Bec-Hellouin

Like all abbeys, Bec maintained annals of the house but uniquely its first abbots also received individual biographies, brought together by the monk of Bec, Milo Crispin. Because of the abbey's cross-Channel influence, these hagiographic lives sometimes disclose historical information of more than local importance.

Seal Abbaye du Bec.

Name

The name of the abbey derives from the bec, or stream, that runs nearby. The word derives from the Scandinavian root, bekkr.[2]

First foundation
"Herlwin Building His First Church", from E.M. Wilmot-Buxton's 1915 Anselm.[3]
West side of the Tour Saint-Nicolas, between the ancient pottery to its left and the monks' residential building to its right

The abbey was founded in 1034 by Saint Herluin,[n 1] whose life was written by Gilbert Crispin, Abbot of Westminster, formerly of Bec, and collated with three other lives by Milo Crispin. Abbey construction began in 1034 and continued through 1035. Further lands were added through 1040.[4] Saint Herluin was a Norman knight who in about 1031 left the court of Gilbert, Count of Brionne, to devote himself to a life of religion: the commune of Le Bec Hellouin preserves his name. One hundred and thirty-six monks made their profession while Herluin was in charge.[5]

With the arrival of Lanfranc of Pavia, Bec became a focus of 11th century intellectual life. Lanfranc, who was already famous for his lectures at Avranches, came to teach as prior and master of the monastic school, but left in 1062, to become abbot of St. Stephen's Abbey, Caen, and later Archbishop of Canterbury. He was followed as abbot by Anselm, also later an Archbishop of Canterbury, as was the fifth abbot, Theobald of Bec. Many distinguished ecclesiastics, probably including the future Pope Alexander II and Saint Ivo of Chartres, were educated in the school at Bec.

The life of the founder (Vita Herluini) was written by Gilbert Crispin. Archbishop Lanfranc also wrote a Chronicon Beccense of the life of Herlui. Milo Crispin's biography of the first four abbots was published at Paris in 1648.[6]

The followers of William the Conqueror supported the abbey, enriching it with extensive properties in England. Bec also owned and managed St Neots Priory as well as a number of other British foundations, including Goldcliff Priory in Monmouthshire founded in 1113 by Robert de Chandos. The village of Tooting Bec, now a London suburb, is so named because the abbey owned the land.

Bec Abbey was the original burial place of the Empress Matilda, whose bones were later transferred to Rouen Cathedral, where they remain.

Bec Abbey was damaged during the Wars of Religion and left a ruin in the French Revolution but the 15th-century St. Nicholas Tower (Tour Saint-Nicolas) from the medieval monastery is still standing.[7]

Second foundation

In 1948 the site was re-established as the Abbaye de Notre-Dame du Bec by Olivetan monks led by Dom Grammont, who effected some restorations. The abbey is known for its links with Anglicanism and has been visited by successive archbishops of Canterbury. The abbey library contains the John Graham Bishop deposit of 5,000 works concerning Anglicanism.

Today the Abbey is probably best known for the pottery the monks produce.

  • Abbey church
    Abbey church
  • Residential building
    Residential building
  • Tour Saint-Nicolas
    Tour Saint-Nicolas
  • Close-up of the Tour Saint-Nicolas
    Close-up of the Tour Saint-Nicolas
  • Cloister
    Cloister
  • Sarcophagi in the park of the abbey
    Sarcophagi in the park of the abbey
  • Morning in the abbey grounds
    Morning in the abbey grounds

List of abbots

The following is a list of the abbots:[8][9][10][11]

See also

Notes
  1. Not to be confused with Herluin, father of Odo of Bayeux and Robert of Mortain

References

Citations
  1. C. Warren Hollister, Henry I (Yale English Monarchs) 2001:16.
  2. "Notre-Dame Abbey, Le Bec-Hellouin". Abbayes de Normandy. Retrieved 27 Feb 2021.
  3. Wilmot-Buxton (1915), p. 20.
  4. Vaughn. Anselm of Bec and Robert Meulan: the Innocence of Doves and the Wisdom of the Serpent, p. 21.
  5. Adolphe-André Porée, Histoire de l'abbaye du Bec, Vol. 1, p. 131, note 1 & Appendix no 1.
  6. 1 Archived 2005-10-23 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. 1 Archived 2005-11-19 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. Porée, Adolphe-André (1901). Histoire de l'abbaye du Bec (in French). Évreux: Imprimerie de Charles Hérissey.
  9. Bourget, Dom. John (1779). The History of the Royal Abbey of Bec. London: J. Nichols. pp. 135–137.
  10. "Consternation dans le diocèse d'Evreux. Une double démission pour "raisons sentimentales" à l'abbaye du Bec-Hellouin". Le Monde (in French). 29 March 1990.
  11. Clénet, Paul-Emmanuel (2008). "Dom Philibert Zobel 1921 - 2008". L'Ulivo (in French). 38 (1): 332–33.
  12. former prior of the Trinity of Beaumont was abbot from October 1179 until he died on September 23, 1187.
  13. Roger II was elevated from the position of prior at Bec
  14. Gauther was elevated from position of prior at Bec
  15. otherwise de Coquainvilliers, died May 16, 1198 at the priory of Bonne-Nouvelle, of which he was former prior.
  16. Also known as Guillaume II, was elevated from a position of former monk at Bec.
  17. Robert 1st of Clairbec, died on November 23, 1265, former monk of Bec, was steward of the vineyards of the abbey, in Île-de-France.
  18. Jean 1st of Guineville, died October 11, 1272, was elevated from position of a local prior.
  19. Pierre de la Cambe, died November 2, 1281, was elevated from Prior of Envermeu.
  20. History of Bec Abbey.
  21. Ymer de Saint-Ymer, died November 15, 1304, was elevated from Prior of Saint-Hymer.
  22. History of Bec Abbey.
  23. Gilbert de Saint-Étienne, died on August 24, 1327, was previously prior of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan (…1293) and barnkeeper of the Bec abbey.
  24. Jean II des Granges, died February 19, 1351, first justice of the abbey.
  25. History of Bec Abbey.
  26. Also known as Robert II and Robert Couraye, died September 15, 1361, was doctor of decrees.
  27. History of Bec Abbey.
  28. History of Bec Abbey.

Bibliography
  • Anonymous. Chronique du Bec et Chronique de François Carré (ed. A.-A. Porée). Rouen: Meétŕie, 1883.
  • Anonymous. De libertate Beccensis monasterii. In Giles Constable (ed.) and Bernard S. Smith (trans.), Three Treatises from Bec on the Nature of Monastic Life. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 2008.
  • Anselm. Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi Opera Omnia (ed. F.S. Schmitt). Stuttgart: Frommann, 1968.
  • Chibnall, Marjorie. The English Lands of the Abbey of Bec. Oxford: OUP, 1968 [1946].
  • Crouch, David. The Beaumont Twins: The Roots and Branches of Power in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: CUP, 1986.
  • Gazeau, Véronique. "From Bec to Canterbury: Between Cloister and World, the Legacy of Anselm, a personne d’autorité." In Giles E.M. Gasper and Ian Logan (edd.), Saint Anselm of Canterbury and His Legacy. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2012.
  • Milo Crispin, "Vita venerabilis Willelmi abbatis Beccensis tertii." In Patrologia Latina, vol. 150, coll. 713-724.
  • Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History (ed. M. Chibnall). Oxford: OUP, 1969 (vols. 1-2) and 1975 (vols. 3-4).
  • Pohl, Benjamin and Laura Gathagan (edd.). A Companion to the Abbey of Le Bec in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
  • Porée, Adolphe-André. Histoire de l’abbaye du Bec. Évreux: Hérissey, 1901.
  • Vaughn, Salley. Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan: The Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press, 1987.
  • Wilmot-Buxton, Ethel Mary (Illustrations by Morris Meredith Williams) (1915), Anselm, London: George G. Harrap & Co..
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