Satrianum

The Diocese of Satrianum (Latin) or Satriano (Italian) is now a Roman Catholic titular see, that is, a former episcopal see that is no longer a geographical diocese.[1] It takes its name from a now destroyed town situated in Lucania and was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Salerno. The adjectival form of the Latin name of the diocese is Satrianensis. Stephanus of Byzantium called it Satria (Ancient Greek: Σατρία).[2]

Ruins of Satriano
Detail of the 12th-century tower of Satriano

The titular archbishop until his death was Patrick Coveney.

History

The diocese of Satriano was established by Pope Urban II on 20 July 1098. Its first bishop was Bishop Johannes, whose existence is attested in 1101.[3] It continued to exist even after the destruction of the town in 1430.

The city of Satriano was completely deserted, destroyed in 1430 on orders of Queen Johanna of Naples.[4] At the request of the Emperor Charles V, in his capacity as King of Sicily, Pope Clement VII created the diocese of Campagna on 20 May 1525, uniting it with the diocese of Satriano, aeque personaliter (two dioceses with one and the same bishop). Both were assigned to the metropolitanate of Salerno. The new bishop of Campagna was the Bishop of Satriano, Cherubino Caietani, who was installed as bishop of Campagna on 19 June 1525.[5] The city of Campagna belonged to the Marchesi Grimaldi.[6]

Extinction of the diocese

A concordat was signed on 16 February 1818, between Pope Pius VII and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.[7] The right of the king to nominate the candidate for a vacant bishopric was recognized, as in the Concordat of 1741, subject to papal confirmation (preconisation).[8]

On 27 June 1818, Pius VII issued the bull De Ulteriore, in which he reestablished the metropolitan archbishopric of Conza. At the same time he abolished the diocese of Satriano, which had been united aeque principaliter with the diocese of Campagna, and incorporated the territory of Satriano into the diocese of Campagna. The diocese of Campagna was assigned to the archdiocese of Conza, in such a way that the archbishop of Conza was also the perpetual administrator of the diocese of Campagna.[9]

Bishops of Satriano
  • Johannes (attested 1101, 1108)[10]
  • Johannes (attested 1135)[11]
  • Petrus (attested 1179)[12]
  • Felix (attested 1208)[13]
Sede vacante (February 1222)[14]
  • Nicola (attested 1223)[15]
  • Leo (1267 - 1284?)[16]
  • Laurentius ( ? - 1303)
  • Franciscus (1304 – ? )[17]
  • Arduino ( ? - 1332)
  • Francesco da Spoleto, O.F.M. (1332 - 1348)[18]
  • Giovanni (1348 - 1369)[19]
  • Angelo Bartolomeo (1369 - 1388?)
  • Guilelmus de S. Angelo (1388 – ? ) Avignon Obedience[20]
  • Tommaso (1388 - 1419) Roman Obedience[21]
Richardus (1401)[22]
Cardinal Antonius Panciera (1419–1420) Administrator[23]
  • Andrea da Venezia, O.P. (1420 - 1439)[24]
  • Pietro Perili (1440 - 1442)[25]
  • Giacomo, O.S.B. (1443 - ? )[26]
  • Pietro Orseoli (1480 - 1483)[27]
  • Ladislaus (1483 - 1484)[28]
  • Giorgio, O.S.B. (1484 - 12 June 1491)[29]
  • Tommaso Attosi, O.P. (1491 - 1500)[30]
  • Agostino Orti, O.P. (1500 - 1521)[31]
  • Cherubino Caietano, O.P. (1521 - 1525)[32]

Diocesan Bishops of Satriano and Campagna
  • Cherubino Caietano, O.P. (1525 - 1544)[33]
  • Camillo Mantuato (1544 - 1560)[34]
  • Marco Lauro, O.P. (1560 - 1571)[35]
  • Girolamo Scarampi (1571 - 1583)[36]
  • Flaminio Roverella (1584 - 1589 resigned)[37]
  • Giulio Cesare Guarnieri (1591 - 1607)[38]
  • Barzellino de' Barzellini (1607 - 1618)[39]
  • Alessandro Scappi (1618 -1627)[40]
  • Costantino Testi (1628 - 1637)
  • Alessandro Leparulo (1637 - 1644)
Gaspare De Simone (1644)[41]
  • Francesco Carducci (1644 - 1649) [42]
  • Maria Giuseppe Avila, O.P. (1649 - 1656)
  • Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, O.Cist. (1657 -1673)[43]
  • Domenico Tafuri (25 September 1673 - 1679)
  • Girolamo Prignano (1 March 1680 - 2 August 1697)
  • Giuseppe Bondola, O.F.M.Conv. (11 December 1697 - 4 February 1713)
  • Francesco Saverio Fontana (22 May 1714 - 30 September 1736)
  • Giovanni Anzani (19 September 1736 - 12 February 1770)
  • Nicola Ferri (28 May 1770 - 1773)
  • Marco De Leone (14 June 1773 - 1793)

After the death of Marco De Leone, the see remained vacant until suppressed in 1818.

Titular bishops and archbishops

The town

Satriano (called Satrianum in Latin) was originally a Lucanian town. Excavations have brought to light traces of a small rectangular temple with a banqueting hall, an area for religious ceremonies and a portico.

The town was situated at 950 metres above sea level on the top of a hill overlooking the modern town that since 1887 is called Satriano di Lucania (not to be confused with another town called Satriano in Calabria), and which, before taking the name of the destroyed city, was called Pietrafesa and, earlier, Petrafixa.

Documents from the ninth century AD onward mention Satriano, which was definitively destroyed in 1430 by order of Queen Joan II of Naples. It is recounted that the queen ordered that it be burned to the ground because of the abduction there of a lady in waiting of the court who was passing through. The inhabitants moved to Pietrafesa.

All that remains are some ruins, including those of the cathedral, which was dedicated to Saint Stephen, and a better preserved 12th-century tower.

See also

References
  1. Satrianum (Titular See). Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved on 18 December 2009.
  2. Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, S558.1: "Satria: Σατρία, πόλις Ἰταλίας. τὸ ἐθνικὸν Σατριανός, ὡς Διονύσιος."
  3. D'Avino, p. 225, col. 1.
  4. Cappelletti XX, p. 541: "...sede Episcopali et civitate diu devastata...."
  5. Cappelletti XX, pp. 540-546.
  6. G. Moroni (ed.), Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Vol. III (Venice: Emiliana 1841), p. 97. Cappelletti XX, p. 536.
  7. F. Torelli (1848), La chiave del concordato dell'anno 1818 I, second edition (Naples: Fibreno 1848), pp. 1-19.
  8. Torelli I, p. 9.
  9. Bulliarii Romani Continuatio Tomus 25 (Rome 1853), p. 57, § 10: "Archiepiscopalis ecclesia Compsana habebit suffraganeas ecclesias episcopales sancti Angeli Lombardorum, Laquedoniensem, et Muranam: supprimentes vero ecclesiam Satrianensem, alteri episcopali ecclesiae Campaniensi usque adhuc aeque principaliter unita m , moderno et prò tempore existenti metropolitanae ecclesiae Compsanae antistiti administrationem praedictae episcopalis ecclesiae Campaniensis cum integro etiam Satrianensi territorio dioecesano perpetuo tribuimus; ita ut Compsanus archiepiscopus, et Campaniénsis episcopalis ecclesiae administrator debeat inposterum nuncupari....."
  10. Kehr IX, p. 518: "Primus episcopus lohannes laudatur in charta Goffredi comitis Satriani a. 1108 sept. 11 data...."
  11. Johannes: Mattei-Cerasoli (1919), p. 328: "Ego Johannes Satriensis episcopus propria manu mea confirmavi."
  12. Bishop Petrus attended the Third Lateran Council of Pope Alexander III in March 1079. Ughelli VI, p. 853. Cappelletti XX, p. 537.
  13. Felix was a native of Salerno. Kamp (1975), p. 768.
  14. On 7 February 1222, Pope Honorius III wrote to the archbishop of Cosanza, ordering him that, if a suitable candidate had been canonically elected, to confirm him; otherwise, let the archbishop of Acerenza and the bishop of Venosa approve it. P. Pressuti, Regesta Honorii papae III Vol. 2 (Rome: Typographia Vaticana 1895), p. 40, no. 3782. Eubel I, p. 437.
  15. Nicolaus: Mattei-Cerasoli (1919), pp. 328-329. Kamp, p. 769.
  16. Leo's election by the cathedral Chapter was defective canonically. It was voided, therefore, and he was provided (appointed) by Pope Clement IV on 28 July 1267. The episcopal throne was vacant in 1284. Ughelli VII, p. 853, no. 3. Eubel I, p. 437. Kamp, pp. 769-770.
  17. Following the death of Bishop Laurentius, the cathedral Chapter in a contested election produced two candidates, Andrea de Orto, O.P., and Franciscus, rector of the church of S. Biagio de Trajecto. Both resigned their rights to Pope Benedict XI, who appointed Franciscus on 4 March 1304. Charles Grandjean, Le registre de Benoît XI fasc. 2 (Paris: Thorin 1884), p. 353, no. 526. Eubel I, p. 437, with notes 2 and 3.
  18. Pope John XXII had specially reserved to himself the appointment of the bishop of Satriano. On 2 December 1332, he appointed Franciscus de Spoleto, O.F.M., and so notified the archbishop of Conza and King Robert of Sicily. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes Vol. 12 (Paris: E. de Boccard 1932), p. 60, no. 59063. Eubel I, p. 437.
  19. Giovanni had been Primicerius of the collegiate church of S. Bartolommeo in Naples. He was appointed Bishop of Satriano by Pope Clement VI on 10 December 1348. He died in 1369. Cappelletti XX, p. 537. Eubel I, p. 437.
  20. Guilelmus was appointed to succeed Bishop Angelo Bartolomeo on 20 August 1388 by Pope Clement VII. Eubel I, p. 437.
  21. Tommaso was appointed on November 28 1388 by Urban VI. According to Ughelli VI, p. 853, and Gams, p. 865, he was ejected from his episcopate by Boniface IX, and later restored.
  22. Richardus was appointed by Pope Boniface IX (Roman Obedience) in 1401, but the pope had neglected to provide Richardus with the appropriate bulls of his appointment. Boniface then restored Tommaso. Ughelli VI, p. 853.
  23. Cardinal Antonius (a cardinal appointed by Pope John XXIII) was appointed Apostolic Administrator by Pope Martin V on 23 June 1419. He resigned on the appointment of a new bishop, on 23 December 1420. Eubel I, p. 437.
  24. Andreas was from Ragusa. He had been Vicar General of the diocese of Capaccio. Thanks to his effort, the Count of Satriano donated the entire territory of Satriano to the support of the bishops. Ughelli VI, p. 853. Eubel I, p. 437; II, p. 231.
  25. Petrus had been Primicerius of the collegiate church of Pultini, and was a canon of the cathedral Chapter of Conza. He was appointed bishop of Satriano by Pope Eugenius IV, and made his settlement with the Apostolic Camera on 2 December 1439. He died in 1442. Eubel II, p. 231.
  26. Giacomo had been abbot of the monastery of S. Angelo de Fosanella. His bulls of appointment and consecration were sealed on 21 January 1443. Eubel II, p. 231.
  27. Pietro was appointed bishop of Satriano on 7 September 1474. He was transferred to the diocese of Santa Severina on 22 February 1483. Eubel II, p. 231 with note 1; 236.
  28. Ladislaus was appointed after the transfer of Bishop Orseoli on 22 February 1483. He died before the appointment of his successor on 5 November 1484. Eubel II, p. 121.
  29. Dom Giorgio was appointed bishop of Satriano on 5 November 1484, by Pope Innocent VIII. He was transferred to the Diocese of Castro di Puglia on 22 June 1491. He died in 1503. Eubel II, pp. 121, 231.
  30. Thomas d'Acayre was appointed Bishop of Satriano in the papal consistory of Pope Innocent VIII on 22 June 1491. He died in 1500. Eubel II, p. 231.
  31. Orti was appointed bishop of Satriano on 10 July 1500, by Pope Alexander VI. He died on 17 March 1521. Eubel II, p. 231.
  32. Caietano was appointed bishop of Satriano on 21 March 1521, by Pope Leo X. He was also appointed Bishop of Campagna and Satriano, aeque principaliter, on 19 June 1525. by Pope Clement VII. Cappelletti XX, pp. 540-546. Eubel II, p. 231.
  33. Caietano: Cappelletti XX, p. 546. Eubel II, p. 231; III, p. 293 with note 3.
  34. Mentuato was a priest of Piacenza. He was appointed bishop of Satriano & Campagna on 14 November 1544. He served as papal pro-legate in Bologna (under Cardinal Girolamo Morone, 1544–1547, who resided in Rome); and Rector of the Marches (1557). In 1558, he was sent as Papal Nuncio to Poland by Pope Paul IV. He died in 1560. Ughelli VII, p. 457, no. 2. Cappelletti XX, p. 546. Otto Braunsberger, Petrus Canisius: ein Lebensbild (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder 1917), pp. 95-96. Eubel III, p. 293.
  35. A native of Tropea, and the brother of the diplomat and later cardinal Vincenzo Lauro, Fra Marco had been Provincial of the Dominican province of Calabria, Prior of the Dominican convent of Cosenza, and Bishop of Santorini (Cyclades Is.) from 1555 to 1560. He was a theologian at the Council of Trent. He was named Bishop of Campagna on 26 January 1560. He died in 1571. Giovanni Michele Piò, Delle Vite de gli huomini illustri di S. Domenico. Parte prima (Bologna: Bellagamba 1617), p. 245. Cappelletti XX, p. 546. Rivelli (1894), p. 140. Eubel III, pp. 291, 293.
  36. Scarampi was a native of Casale, and held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He held the office of Provost of Carmagnola, and was Vicar General of the archbishop of Turin. He was appointed Bishop of Satriano & Campagna on 16 July 1571, by Pope Pius V. He was Apostolic Visitor to Turin in 1583. He died in August 1583. Ughelli VII, p. 458 no. 4. Cappelletti XX, p. 547. Rivelli, p. 27. Eubel III, p. 293.
  37. Roverella was born at Cesena, of a noble Ferrarese family. He was the nephew of Cardinal Prospero Santacroce. He retired in 1591 to the town of Gubrivolo near Cesena. Eubel III, p. 293 with note 6.
  38. Guarnieri was born in Campagna, and held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He was Archdeacon of the cathedral Chapter of Campagna, which he resigned in favor of his brother Ambrogio. He was named bishop on 19 July 1591, and consecrated in Rome. He named his brother his Vicar General. He held a diocesan synod. In 1594, he began the construction of the monastery of the Conception, and consecrated the church of S. Martino, which had been under construction since 1575. He died in 1607, before 14 May. Cappelletti XX, p. 547. Rivelli, pp. 27-32. Eubel III, p. 293.
  39. Barzellino had been a Referendary of the Two Signatures in the papal administration. He served as Vicar General of the archbishop of Siena. He was named Bishop of Campagna on 14 May 1607. He died in 1618. Cappelletti XX, p. 547. Rivelli, p. 220. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 131 with note 2.
  40. Scappi was appointed on 14 February 1618. On 17 May 1627 Bishop Scappi was named Bishop of Piacenza. Rivelli, pp. 220-221. Gauchat IV, p. 131 with note 3; 281 with note 4.
  41. (died before being consecrated)
  42. (transfer to Diocese of Sulmona)
  43. Caramuel was born in Madrid in 1606, son of the Bohemian Lorenzo Caramuel y Lobkowitz. He studied in Alcalà. On 9 July 1657, he was named Bishop of Campagna by Pope Alexander VII. On 25 September 1673, he was transferred to the diocese of Vigevano by Pope Clement X. He died on 8 September 1682. David Fernández Diéguez Juan Caramuel, matematico Español del siglo XVII, (in Spanish) (Madrid 1919). Ughelli VII, pp. 461-462. Gauchat IV, p. 132 with note 8. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, pp. 139, note 2; 415 with note 4.

Bibliography

Episcopal lists
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. I (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. II (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Eubel, Conradus; Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. III (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo (in Latin). Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. pp. 852–853.
  • Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana.
  • Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi (in Latin). Vol. V (1667-1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio.
  • Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi (in Latin). Vol. VI (1730-1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio.

Studies
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