Family tree of Roman emperors

This is a family tree of Roman emperors, showing only the relationships between the emperors.

27 BC –192 AD

The emperors from Augustus to Commodus can be organised into one large family tree.

Julius Caesar
dictator perpetuo
100–44 BC
Julia Minor
died 51 BC
Marcus Atius Balbus
105–51 BC
Atia
85–43 BC
Gaius Octavius
c. 100–59 BC
Augustus
 63 BC–14 AD[1]
r.27 BC  14 AD
Livia Drusilla
59 BC–29 AD
Ti. Claudius Nero
c. 80–33 BC[2]
Octavia Minor
c. 66–11 BC
Mark Antony
triumvir
83–30 BC
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
63–12 BC[3]
Julia the Elder
39 BC–14 AD[4]
Tiberius
42 BC–37 AD
r.14–37[4]
Drusus the Elder
38–9 BC[5]
Antonia Minor
36 BC–37 AD
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
d.14
Julia the Younger
19 BC–28 AD[6]
Agrippina the Elder
14 BC–33 AD
Germanicus
16 BC–19 AD[7]
Claudius
10 BC–54 AD
r.41–54[7]
Marcus TorquatusAemilia Lepida
4 BC–53 AD
Vespasian
9–79
r.69–79
Gn. Domitius Corbulo
7–67
Milonia Caesonia
6–41
Caligula
12–41
r.37–41
Agrippina the Younger
15–59
Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
17 BC–40 AD
Drusus CaesarAemilia LepidaManius Aemilius Lepidus
Junia Calvina
15–79
Lucius Vitellius the Younger
16–69
Vitellius
15–69
r.69
Domitian
51–96
r.81–96
Domitia Longina
53–130
Galba
3 BC–69 AD
r.68–69
Aemilia Lepida
UlpiaMarcus Ulpius Traianus
30–100
Marcia
33–100
Marcia FurnillaTitus
39–81
r.79–81
Nerva
30–98
r.96–98
CocceiaTitianusOtho
32–69
r.69
Poppaea Sabina
30–65
Nero
37–68
r.54–68
Publius Aelius Hadrianus AferTrajan
53–117
r.98–117
Ulpia Marciana
48–112
Salonia Matidia
68–119
Hadrian
76–138
r.117–138
Vibia Sabina
80–137
Rupilia Faustina
87–138
Marcus Annius VerusFaustina the Elder
100–141
Antoninus
86–161
r.138–161
Marcus Aurelius
121–180
r.161–180
Faustina the Younger
125–175
Commodus
161–192
r.180–192
Lucilla
148–182
Lucius Verus
130–169
r.161–169

192–235

The emperors from Pertinax to the beginning of the Crisis can be organised into one large dynasty (see Severan dynasty family tree), one smaller family and two unrelated emperors.

Pertinax
126–193
r.192–193
Didius Julianus
133–193
r.193
Septimius Severus
145–211
r.193–211
Julia Domna
160–217
Julia Maesa
165–224
Macrinus
165–218
r.217–218
Caracalla
188–217
r.211–217
Geta
189–211
r.211
Julia Soaemias
180–222
Julia Avita Mamaea
180–235
Diadumenian
208–218
r.218
Elagabalus
203–222
r.218–222
Severus Alexander
208–235
r.222–235

235–284

The emperors during the fifty-year period of the Crisis can be organised into eight families and six unrelated emperors, although no family held power for more than fifteen years.

Maximinus I
173–238
r.235–238
Gordian I
159–238
r.238–238
Pupienus
178–238
r.238–238
Balbinus
165–238
r.238–238
Gordian II
192–238
r.238–238
Antonia Gordiana
b. 201
Philip
204–249
r.244–249
Decius
201–251
r.249–251
Gallus
206–253
r.251–253
Aemilianus
210–253
r.253–253
Gordian III
225–244
r.238–244
Valerian
200–260
r.253–260
Philip II
r.247–249
Etruscus
227–251
r.251–251
Hostilian
230–251
r.251–251
Volusianus
d.253
r.251–253
Claudius II
213–270
r.268–270
Quintillus
220–270
r.270–270
Gallienus
218–268
r.253–268
Aurelian
214–275
r.270–275
Tacitus
200–276
r.275–276
Florianus
d.276
r.276
Probus
232–282
r.276–282
Carus
230–283
r.282–283
Carinus
d.285
r.283–285
Numerian
d.284
r.283–284

284–518

The emperors from the founding of the Dominate in 284, in the West until 476 and in the East until 518, can be organised into one large dynasty plus various unrelated emperors. During most of this periods, though not always, there where two senior emperors ruling in separate courts. This division became permanent after the death of Theodosius I in 395.

  Western Roman Empire
  Eastern Roman Empire

Diocletian
244–311
r.284–305
Prisca
d.315
Afranius
Hannibalian
Eutropia
d.325
Maximian
250–310
r.286–305
ValeriaGalerius
260–311
r.305–311
unknown sister
Severus II
r.306–307
Maximiana
Theodora
Constantius I
250–306
r.305–306
Julia Helena
250–330
Maxentius
278–312
r.306–312
Valeria
Maximilla
Maximinus II
270–313
r.311–313
Eutropia
d. 350
Julius
Constantius

d.337
Licinius
c.265–325
r.311–324
Constantia
293–330
Constantine I
272–337
r.306–337
Fausta
289–326
Valerius Valens
r.316–317
Martinian
r.324
Nepotianus
r.350
Julianus II
331–363
r.361–363
Helena
d.360
Constantine II
316–340
r.337–340
Constantius II
317–361
r.337–361
Constans I
323–350
r.337–350
Magnentius
r.350–353
Jovian
331–364
r.363–364
Procopius
(cousin)
r. 365–366
Marina Severa
d.375
Valentinian I
321–375
r.364–375
Justina
d.388
Valens
328–378
r.364–378
Magnus
Maximus

r.383–388
Constantia
362–383
Gratian
359–383
r.375–383
Aelia Flaccilla
d.385
Theodosius I
347–395
r.379–395
Galla
d.394
Valentinian II
371–392
r.388–392
Eugenius
r.392–394
Victor
c. 385–388
Constantine III
r.407–411
Priscus Attalus
r.409
Honorius
384–423
r.395–423
Arcadius
377–408
r.395–408
Galla Placidia
392–450
Constantius III
r.421
Constans II
r.409–411
Marcian
396–457
r.450–457
Pulcheria
399–453
Theodosius II
401–450
r.408–450
Joannes
r.423–424
unknown
brother
Leo I
401–474
r.457–474
Verina
d.484
Basiliscus
r.475–476
EuphemiaAnthemius
420–472
r.467–472
Pet. Maximus
397–455
r.455
Licinia Eudoxia
422–462
Valentinian III
419–455
r.425–455
Marcus
r.475–476
Avitus
385–456
r.455–456
Majorian
420–461
r.457–461
Severus III
r.461–465
Olybrius
r.472
PlacidiaGlycerius
r.473–474
niece of
Leo I
Julius Nepos
r.474–475
Zeno
r.474–475
r.476–491
Ariadne
450–515
Anastasius I
430–518
r.491–518
LeontiaMarcianusOrestes
c. 420–476 
Leo II
467–474
r.474
Romulus
c. 465–520? 
r.475–476

Later eastern emperors

References

Citations

  1. Everitt 2007, pp. 9, 208, 313.
  2. Everitt 2007, p. 125.
  3. Everitt 2007, pp. xvi, xxi.
  4. Everitt 2007, pp. xviii, xxiii.
  5. Everitt 2007, pp. xviii, xxi.
  6. Everitt 2007, pp. xxx, xxiii.
  7. Everitt 2007, pp. xxi, xxiii.

Sources

  • Everitt, Anthony (2007). Augustus: the life of Rome's first emperor. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 9780812970586.
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