Royal Consort Jeongbi An

Royal Consort Jeong of the Juksan Ahn clan (Hangul: 정비 안씨, Hanja: 定妃 安氏; 1352 - 16 June 1428[1]) was the 5th wife of King Gongmin of Goryeo. She was also known by her Dharma name as Deok-wol (Korean: 덕월; Hanja: 德月) and by her new royal title as Princess Uihwa (Korean: 의화궁주; Hanja: 義和宮主) given by Taejo of Joseon in 1392.

Royal Consort Jeong-Bi of the Juksan Ahn clan
정비 안씨
Royal consort of Goryeo
Tenure1366–1374
Coronation1366
PredecessorRoyal Consort Ik
SuccessorRoyal Consort Sin
Grand consort of Goryeo
Tenurec.1374/5–1388
Coronationc.1374/5
PredecessorGrand Consort Hong
MonarchKing U
Royal Grand consort of Goryeo
Tenurec.1388–1392
Coronationc.1388
MonarchKing Chang
King Gongyang
Born1352
Jukju, Yanggwang Province, Kingdom of Goryeo
Died26 June 1428 (age 75-76)
Yangju, Yanggwang Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Spouse
(m. 1366; died 1374)
Regnal name
  • Grand Consort Ahn (Dae-bi; 대비 안씨, 大妃 安氏; during King U's reign)
  • Royal Grand Consort Ahn (Wang-dae-bi; 왕대비 안씨, 王大妃 安氏; during King Chang's reign)
  • Royal Grand Consort Jeongsuk Seonmyeong Gyeongsin Ikseong Yuhye
    정숙선명경신익성유혜왕대비
    貞淑宣明敬信翼成柔惠王大妃
    (given by King Gongyang in 1390)
  • Princess Uihwa (의화궁주, 義和宮主; 7 December 1392 – 1428)
HouseJuksan Ahn (by birth)
House of Wang (by marriage)
FatherAhn Geuk-in, Prince Jukseong
MotherLady Yi of the Gari Yi clan
ReligionBuddhism
Royal Consort Jeong of the Juksan Ahn clan
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJeongbi Anssi
McCune–ReischauerCh'ŏng'pi An'ssh'i
Dharma name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationDeokwol
McCune–ReischauerTŏk'wol
Princess Uihwa (Joseon Royal Title)
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationUihwa Gungju
McCune–ReischauerUi'hwa Kungch'u

She has been spoken of as a tragic figure among the women of the Later Goryeo dynasty:

Lady Ahn, a woman who lived the rest of her life with alcohol while issuing the decrees of the three King's abdication even closing the door of the Goryeo Royal Family to which she belonged and surviving until the reign of King Sejong the Great of Joseon.
안씨, 소문이 나돌았으며 왕의 폐위 교서를 3번이나 내리고 결국 자신이 속했던 고려 왕실의 문을 닫는 역할까지 하면서 술로 여생을 보내다가 세종 대까지 생존한 여인.

Jang, Kyung-soon (6 December 2015). "백발의 80 노인이었다가 수려한 미녀로 돌변하는 정비 안씨". ChoiceNews (in Korean). Retrieved September 29, 2021.

Biography

Marriage and Palace life

In October 1366 (15th year reign of Gongmin), he took Ahn as his Queen Consort as he didn't have any issue from his first marriage. Then, in December, she became Jeong-Bi (정비, 定妃).[2]

At this time, Lady Ahn's father, Ahn Geuk-in (안극인) who was a comrade-in-chief, suggested to King Gongmin to suspend the construction of Princess Noguk's Yeongjeon (영전, 影殿), but Ahn Geuk-in was removed from the office. Meanwhile, after her re-entry to the Palace, the King continued to commit misdeeds,[3] such as forcing her to have sex with some of the young men from Jajewi (자제위, 子弟衛), but she adamantly refused.[4] In May 1367, she and Consort Han went to Gorari (고라리, 高羅里) and watched Gyeoggu Game (격구놀).

In October 1372 (21st year of King Gongmin), he selected some young and handsome men then, ordered Han Ahn (한안) and Hong Ryun (홍륜) from the Self-Defense Committee to rape his concubines. In this way, when a son was born from them, Gongmin will make that son become his. After this, Lady Ahn, Royal Consort Ik-Bi and others couldn't refuse this order and actually became pregnant.[4] In 1374, King Gongmin was assassinated and King U ascended the throne.

During King U's reign

Lady Ahn then went out from the Palace and became a nun, then King U make her younger brother, Ahn Suk-ro (안숙로)[5]'s daughter, Lady Ahn became his consort with the title Hyeon-Bi (현비, 賢妃).[6] Even after King Gongmin's death, the court under King U's command still respect them and continued to provide their daily necessities, also the new King gave "Jahye Mansion" (자혜부, 慈惠府) as Ahn's palace to lived.

After King U's ascension to the throne succeed his father, it was said that U always taunted and harassed the Dowager Consort Ahn by saying:

"Among my consorts, How can they have no one like you, Mother?"
"나의 후궁들은 어찌 모씨(母氏)와 같은 이가 없는가?"

Also, he often visited her mansion for two or three times a day, sometimes he went there again at night. Because of this, there were a rumor that Ahn was harassed by King U for attempted rape and strange rumors circulated. One day, while King U went to her palace again, Lady Ahn fell ill and didn't comb her hair, so they cancelled to meet and he instead meet her niece. Seeing this, people said:

"The Dowager Consort is trying to hide herself because she is in fear of ridicule from others."
"정비가 남의 비웃음을 두려워하여 스스로 감추려 하는 것이다."

Beside this, there was an interpretation that King U, who was an orphan with no one to depend on, craved maternal love from his stepmother, Consort Ahn.

During King Chang and King Gongyang's reign

In 1388, Yi Seong-gye (이성계) deposed King U from his position and as the oldest member in the palace, Ahn agree this permission and choose the new candidate to succeed him, King Chang.[7] Then, in December, all of palace maids was stopped to provide Ahn's daily necessities.

One years later, Yi and Jeong Mong-ju (정몽주) once deposed King Chang[8] and forced her to made King Gongyang to be crowned as the new one, she then dethroned King Chang and proclaimed a letter again stating that King Gongyang was crowned.[9] Under King Gongyang's command, An then moved to "Gyeongsin Hall" (경신전, 敬愼殿) and honoured as Royal Grand Consort Jeongsuk-seonmyeong-gyeongsin-ikseong-yuhye (정숙선명경신익성유혜왕대비, 貞淑宣明敬信翼成柔惠王大妃).

In 1392, Yi and his allies forced the King Gongyang's dethronement and threatened Ahn by forced her with a memorandum to allow the establishment of a new dynasty and handed over the national seal to him.[10] As a result, the Goryeo dynasty who was overthrown for almost of 475 years fallen and the new Joseon dynasty was established.

Later life, death and funeral

Lady Ahn had lived a long life until the end of Goryeo dynasty and the early Joseon dynasty that established by Yi Seong-gye (이성계). Later, on 7 August 1392 (4th year reign of King Taejo), she was honoured as Princess Uihwa (의화궁주, 義和宮主)[11] which she commonly known with that name during the Joseon dynasty. Later, on 14 May 1428 (1th year reign of King Sejong), she died and this was 36th years after Goryeo's abolishment.[12]

In Joseon Sillok, it was recorded that Ahn was prone to drink alcohol after being "Princess Uihwa" and she also spent most of her later life drinking after the fall of Goryeo dynasty.[13] 6 days after her death, King Sejong prayed and took care of her funeral with the old system and used the Queen consort's rites manners (dressed her like the real queen). But, her tomb's location was unknown as there were no records about it.

Ancestry

Family

  • Father - Ahn Geuk-in, Prince Jukseong (안극인 죽성군, 安克人 竹城君) (? - 1383)
  • Mother - Lady Yi of the Gari Yi clan (가리 이씨, 嘉利 李氏)
  • Siblings
    • Older brother - Ahn Cheon-ro (안천로, 安天老)
    • Younger brother - Ahn Jung-ro (안중로, 安仲老)
    • Younger brother - Ahn Suk-ro (안숙로, 安叔老) (? - 1394)
      • Niece - Royal Consort Hyeon-bi of the Juksan Ahn clan (현비 안씨); King U’s 9th consort
        • Nephew-in-law - Wang Woo, King U of Goryeo (고려 우왕) (25 July 1365 - 31 December 1389)
  • Spouse - Wang Jeon, King Gongmin of Goryeo (공민왕) (23 May 1330 - 27 October 1374)
  • Issue

References

  1. In Lunar Calendar, the consort died on 14 May 1428
  2. "왕씨와 안씨를 각기 익비와 정비로 책봉하다". db.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  3. 韓國人物小說全集 (in Korean). University of California: Yuwen Ge. 1967. p. 133.
  4. "한국사, 가장 비참했던 한 여인의 이야기...(정비안씨 & 고려멸망". m.blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  5. "안숙로(安叔老)" (in Korean). people.aks.ac.kr. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  6. Chang-hyun, Kim (2006). 고려 의 남경, 한양 [The Goryeo's Namgyeong and Hanyang] (in Korean). University of Michigan: Sinseowon. p. 139. ISBN 9788979400199.
  7. "[육룡이나르샤] 창왕 및 대비(정비)". m.blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  8. Young-kwan, Lee (2006). 조선 견문록 [The Joseon Dynasty] (in Korean). Chung-A Publisher. p. 17. ISBN 9788936803353.
  9. "공양왕 총서". db.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  10. Young-kyoo, Park (Nov 18, 2004). 한권으로읽는조선왕조실록 [Annals of the Joseon Dynasty in one volume] (in Korean). University of Michigan: Woongjin Knowledge House. p. 24. ISBN 9788901047546.
  11. "의화 궁주 안씨의 졸기". sillok.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  12. "이명덕에게 의화 궁주에게 새 술을 바치도록 하교하다". sillok.history.go.kr (in Chinese). Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  13. "공민왕의 정비 의화 궁주에게 매일 술 한병씩을 하사하다". sillok.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  14. "[정도전] #02-1. 공민왕의 여인들, 그리고 불미스러운 이야기" [[Jeong Do-jeon] #02-1. King Gongmin's womens, also an ugly story]. Naver Blog (in Korean). Naver. 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
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