Royal Vietnamese army

• Infantry
  • Conscripted-soldiers
• War elephants
• Light cavalry
• Navy

Military organisation during the reign of Lê Thánh Tông (1460-1497)

Conscription was firstly introduced and used in Vietnam by king Lý Thái Tông in 1042. For a detachment of 50 men, 30 were sent back to their native villages for rice cultivation.[1] The soldiers did receive some largesse at the same time as they were expected to do some farming of their own.[2] The Royal Vietnamese army at wars grew from 30,000 in 967[3] to about 80,000 in 1075;[4] 100,000 in 1285;[5] 120,000 in 1377[6] and 250,000 in 1471.[7]

• Catapult[8]
• Primitive tanks[9]
• Traction trebuchet[9] (Mongol trebuchet)

• Mong Dong
• Junk

• Fire lance[10][11] (at least 14th century)
• Hand cannon (at least since 1390)[12][13]

• 
  13th century Viet military officers holding gươm (saber)
• 
  Vietnamese war elephant
• 
  Stone projectile for catapult
• 
  Illustration for Hu dun pao from Chinese book Wujing Zongyao

• Mong Dong
• Junk

• Hand cannon
• Cannons[14]
• Musket (at least since 1516)[15]
• Flamethrower[16]

• 
  War elephant and soldiers
• 
  War elephants and soldiers carrying muskets
• 
  15-18th centuries sabers
• 
  Armored soldier statue in Van Mieu
• 
  Vietnamese matchlocks circa 1650-1679
• 
  Vietnamese handguns circa 15-17th centuries
• 
  18th century cannon

• Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-595494-9.
• Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-520-07417-0
• Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-29622-7.
• Needham, Joseph (1987), Science & Civilisation in China, vol. V:5 pt. 7: The Gunpowder Epic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-30358-3
• Whitmore, John K. (1986), ""Elephants Can Actually Swim": Contemporary Chinese Views of Late Ly Dai Viet", in Milner, Anthony Crothers; Marr, David G. (eds.), Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries, Cambridge: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 117–137
• Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316531310.
• Taylor, K. W. (1983), The Birth of the Vietnam, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-07417-0
• Lo, Jung-pang (2012). Elleman, Bruce A. (ed.). China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People During the Southern Song and Yuan Periods. Singapore: NUS Press.
• Anderson, James A. (2008), Battlefronts Real and Imagined: War, Border, and Identity in the Chinese Middle Period, Palgrave macMillan
• Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.), Viet Nam: Borderless Histories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–120, ISBN 978-1-316-44504-4
• Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 1, From Early Times to c.1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66372-4.
• Turnbull, Stephen (2001), Siege Weapons of the Far East (1) AD 612-1300, Osprey Publishing
• Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Go Geok (2016). Ancient Southeast Asia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-27903-7.
• Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190053796.