Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700 was part of the joint European effort to confront the Ottoman Empire. The larger European conflict was known as the Great Turkish War.

Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
Part of Great Turkish War

Capture of Azov by Russian emperor Peter the Great (on horseback)
Date1686–13 July 1700
(14 years)
Location
Crimea, Azov
Result
Belligerents
Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate Cossack Hetmanate		 Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Commanders and leaders
Peter the Great
Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn		 Elmas Mehmed Pasha
Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha
Selim I Giray

The Russo-Turkish War began after the Tsardom of Russia joined the European anti-Turkish coalition (Habsburg monarchy, Poland–Lithuania, Venice) in 1686, after Poland-Lithuania agreed to recognize Russian incorporation of Kiev and the left bank of Ukraine.[2]

War
Main articles: Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 and Azov campaigns (1695–96)

During the war, the Russian army organized the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 both which ended in Russian defeats.[3] Despite these setbacks, Russia launched the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696, and after raising the siege in 1695[4] successfully occupied Azov in 1696.[5]

Peace treaty

In light of preparations for the war against the Swedish Empire, Russian Tsar Peter the Great signed the Treaty of Karlowitz with the Ottoman Empire in 1699.[6] The subsequent Treaty of Constantinople in 1700, ceded Azov, the Taganrog fortress, Pavlovsk and Mius to Russia and established a Russian ambassador in Constantinople, and secured the return of all prisoners of war.[1] The Tsar also affirmed that his subordinates, the Cossacks, would not attack the Ottomans, while the Sultan affirmed his subordinates, the Crimean Tatars, would not attack the Russians.

References
  1. Mikaberidze 2011, p. 250.
  2. Fuller 1992, p. 16.
  3. Hughes 1990, p. 206.
  4. Davies 2007, p. 185.
  5. Shapira 2011, p. 135.
  6. Bideleux & Jeffries 1998, p. 86.

Sources
  • Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998). A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change. Routledge.
  • Davies, Brian (2007). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700. Routledge.
  • Fuller, William C. (1992). Strategy and Power in Russia 1600-1914. MacMillan Inc.
  • Hughes, Lindsey (1990). Sophia, Regent of Russia: 1657 - 1704. Yale University Press.
  • Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). "Treaty of Constantinople (1700)". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.
  • Shapira, Dan D.Y. (2011). "The Crimean Tatars and the Austro-Ottoman Wars". In Ingrao, Charles W.; Samardžić, Nikola; Pesalj, Jovan (eds.). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. Purdue University Press.
  • Torke, Hans-Joachim (2002). "From Muscovy toward St Petersburg, 1598-1689". In Freeze, Gregory (ed.). Russia: A History (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
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