Russula subnigricans
Russula subnigricans, known as the rank russula,[1] or nisekurohatsu (Japanese), is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula found in East Asia.
| Russula subnigricans | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Russulales |
| Family: | Russulaceae |
| Genus: | Russula |
| Species: | R. subnigricans |
| Binomial name | |
| Russula subnigricans Hongo (1955) | |
Russula subnigricans | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is poisonous |
Description
The flesh turns pale red when cut, but doesn't turn black unlike Russula nigricans.
The species was named by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1955.
The name was formerly applied to the North American fungus Russula eccentrica in California.[2] It has been reclassified as Russula cantharellicola, where it grows in association with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trees in California oak woodland habitats.[3]
Toxicity
Russula subnigricans is a poisonous mushroom, and has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan and Japan. The effect is a serious one, rhabdomyolysis.
The toxins responsible are the very unusual cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid (a toxic molecule consisting of only 10 atoms) and Russuphelin A (a heavily chlorinated polyphenolic).[4] [5]
References
- Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- Wood M, Stevens F (2007). "California Fungi:Russula eccentrica". The Fungi of California website. Mykoweb. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- Openjournals.wsu.edu: "A new species of Russula, subgenus Compactae from California" (2014).
- Editorial, Reuters. "Experts identify toxic compound in deadly mushroom". Reuters.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - Takahashi A, Agatsuma T, Matsuda M, Ohta T, Nunozawa T, Endo T, Nozoe S (1992). "Russuphelin A, a new cytotoxic substance from the mushroom Russula subnigricans Hongo". Chem Pharm Bull. 40 (12): 3185–88. doi:10.1248/cpb.40.3185. PMID 1294320.
External links
- Cornell University Mycology Blog: "A deadly Russula"
Data related to Russula subnigricans at Wikispecies