P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1

Selectin P ligand, also known as SELPLG or CD162 (cluster of differentiation 162), is a human gene.

SELPLG
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSELPLG, CD162, CLA, PSGL-1, PSGL1, selectin P ligand
External IDsOMIM: 600738 MGI: 106689 HomoloGene: 2261 GeneCards: SELPLG
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6404

20345

Ensembl

ENSG00000110876

ENSMUSG00000048163

UniProt

Q14242

Q62170

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001206609
NM_003006

NM_009151

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001193538
NP_002997

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 108.62 – 108.63 MbChr 5: 113.96 – 113.97 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

SELPLG codes for PSGL-1, the high affinity counter-receptor for P-selectin on myeloid cells and stimulated T lymphocytes. As such, it plays a critical role in the tethering of these cells to activated platelets or endothelia expressing P-selectin.

The organization of the SELPLG gene closely resembles that of CD43 and the human platelet glycoprotein GpIb-alpha both of which have an intron in the 5-prime-noncoding region, a long second exon containing the complete coding region, and TATA-less promoters.[5]

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a glycoprotein found on white blood cells and endothelial cells that binds to P-selectin (P stands for platelet), which is one of a family of selectins that includes E-selectin (endothelial) and L-selectin (leukocyte). Selectins are part of the broader family of cell adhesion molecules. PSGL-1 can bind to all three members of the family but binds best (with the highest affinity) to P-selectin.

Posttranslational modification

PSGL-1 protein requires two distinct posttranslational modifications to gain its selectin binding activity:[6][7][8][9]

Function

PSGL-1 is expressed on all white blood cells and plays an important role in the recruitment of white blood cells into inflamed tissue: White blood cells normally do not interact with the endothelium of blood vessels. However, inflammation causes the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as P-selectin on the surface of the blood vessel wall. White blood cells present in flowing blood can interact with CAM. The first step in this interaction process is carried out by PSGL-1 interacting with P-selectin and/or E-selectin on endothelial cells and adherent platelets. This interaction results in "rolling" of the white blood cell on the endothelial cell surface followed by stable adhesion and transmigration of the white blood cell into the inflamed tissue.

In cancer

In mice it seems to be an immune factor regulating T-cell checkpoints, and it could be a target for future checkpoint inhibitor anti-cancer drugs.[10]

PSGL-1 has been shown to bind to VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation) but this binding only occurs under acidic pH conditions (pH < 6.5) such as can be found in tumor microenvironments (TME). [11]

In mice, PSGL-1 seems to facilitate T cell exhaustion in tumors.[12]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110876 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000048163 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: SELPLG selectin P ligand".
  6. Li F, Wilkins PP, Crawley S, et al. (1996). "Post-translational modifications of recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 required for binding to P- and E-selectin". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (6): 3255–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.6.3255. PMID 8621728.
  7. Wilkins PP, Moore KL, McEver RP, Cummings RD (1995). "Tyrosine sulfation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is required for high affinity binding to P-selectin". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (39): 22677–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.39.22677. PMID 7559387.
  8. Sako D, Comess KM, Barone KM, et al. (1995). "A sulfated peptide segment at the amino terminus of PSGL-1 is critical for P-selectin binding". Cell. 83 (2): 323–31. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90173-6. PMID 7585949. S2CID 65420.
  9. Pouyani T, Seed B (1995). "PSGL-1 recognition of P-selectin is controlled by a tyrosine sulfation consensus at the PSGL-1 amino terminus". Cell. 83 (2): 333–43. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90174-4. PMID 7585950. S2CID 17480260.
  10. Immune Factor Seen to Control T-Cell Checkpoints Involved in Spread of Cancers and Infections. June 2016
  11. Nature. 2019 Oct;574(7779):565-570. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1674-5. Epub 2019 Oct 23. PMID: 31645726
  12. Reviving exhausted T cells to tackle immunotherapy-resistant cancers 2023

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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