SMS V189

SMS V189[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] was a S-138-class large torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. She was built by the AG Vulcan shipyard at Stettin between 1910 and 1911 and launched on 14 March 1911.

History
German Empire
NameSMS V189
BuilderAG Vulcan, Stettin
Launched14 March 1911
Completed30 June 1911
FateRan aground December 1920 and scrapped
General characteristics
Class and typeS138-class torpedo boat
Displacement650 t (640 long tons) design
Length73.9 m (242 ft 5 in) o/a
Beam7.9 m (25 ft 11 in)
Draught3.1 m (10 ft 2 in)
Installed power18,000 PS (18,000 shp; 13,000 kW)
Propulsion
Speed32 kn (37 mph; 59 km/h)
Complement84
Armament
  • 2× 8.8 cm guns
  • 4× 50 cm torpedo tubes

She served throughout the First World War, being present at the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914 and the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916. She was renamed T189 in February 1918. After the war, she was allocated to Great Britain as a war reparation, but ran aground in December 1920 and was scrapped.

Construction and design

The Imperial German Navy ordered 12 large torpedo boats (Große Torpedoboote) as part of the fiscal year 1910 shipbuilding programme, with one half-flotilla of six ships (V186–V191) ordered from AG Vulcan and the other six ships from Germaniawerft.[2] The two groups of torpedo boats were of basically similar layout but differed slightly in detailed design, with a gradual evolution of design and increase in displacement with each year's orders.[3]

SMS V189

V189 was 73.9 metres (242 ft 5 in) long overall and 73.6 metres (241 ft 6 in) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 7.9 metres (25 ft 11 in) and a draught of 3.1 metres (10 ft 2 in). The ship displaced 666 tonnes (655 long tons) design and 775 tonnes (763 long tons) deep load.[2]

Three coal-fired and one oil-fired water-tube boiler fed steam at a pressure of 18.5 standard atmospheres (272 psi) to two sets of direct-drive steam turbines. The ship's machinery was rated at 18,000 PS (18,000 shp; 13,000 kW) giving a design speed of 32 knots (37 mph; 59 km/h), with members of the class reaching a speed of 33.5 knots (38.6 mph; 62.0 km/h) during sea trials.[4] 136 tons of coal and 67 tons of oil fuel were carried, giving an endurance of 2,360 nautical miles (2,720 mi; 4,370 km) at 12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h), 1,250 nautical miles (1,440 mi; 2,320 km) at 17 knots (20 mph; 31 km/h) or 480 nautical miles (550 mi; 890 km) at 30 knots (35 mph; 56 km/h).[2]

The ship was armed with two 8.8 cm L/45 guns,[5][lower-alpha 3] one on the Forecastle and one aft. Four single 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes were fitted, with two on the ship's beam in the gap between the forecastle and the ship's bridge which were capable of firing straight ahead, one between the ship's two funnels, and one aft of the funnels.[2][6] The ship had a crew of 84 officers and men.[2]

V189 was laid down at AG Vulcan's Stettin shipyard as Yard number 307 and was launched on 14 March 1911 and completed on 30 June 1911.[7]

Service

First World War

On 28 August 1914, the British Harwich Force, supported by light cruisers and battlecruisers of the Grand Fleet, carried out a raid towards Heligoland with the intention of destroying patrolling German torpedo boats.[8] The German defensive patrols around Heligoland consisted of one flotilla (I Torpedo Flotilla) of 12 modern torpedo boats forming an outer patrol line about 25 nautical miles (29 mi; 46 km) North and West of Heligoland, with an inner line of older torpedo boats of the 3rd Minesweeping Division at about 12 nautical miles (14 mi; 22 km). Four German light cruisers and another flotilla of torpedo boats (V Torpedo Boat Flotilla) was in the vicinity of Heligoland. V189 , a member of the 2nd Half Flotilla of I Torpedo Boat Flotilla, formed part of the outer screen of torpedo boats, being the southernmost ship in the formation.[9] At about 06:00 on 28 August, G194, another member of the outer screen reported spotting the periscope of a submarine. As a result, the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla was ordered out to hunt the hostile submarine. At 07:57 G194 was fired on by British warships, and was soon retreating towards Heligoland, pursued by four British destroyers. V Flotilla and the old torpedo boats of the 3rd Minesweeping Division also came under British fire, and were only saved by the intervention of the German cruisers Stettin and Frauenlob, with the torpedo boats V1, D8 and T33 damaged. V189 managed to successfully avoid the British ships and returned to base.[10] However, sister ship V187, leader of I Flotilla, ran into the midst of the Harwich force when trying to return to Heligoland and was sunk. The intervention of the supporting British forces resulted in the sinking of the German cruisers Mainz, Cöln and Ariadne. The British light cruiser Arethusa and destroyers Laurel, Laertes and Liberty were badly damaged but safely returned to base.[11]

V189 was part of the 14th Half Flotilla of VII Torpedo boat flotilla during the Battle of Jutland.[12] During the night action, VII Flotilla, which had not been engaged during the day, was ordered to search for and attack the British fleet, but failed to encounter the British Battleships. V189 returned to base undamaged.[13]

V189 was renamed T189 on 22 February 1918.[7] At the end of the war T189 was a member of the 15th Half-flotilla of the 8th Torpedo Boat Flotilla.[14]

Fate

After the end of the war, as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, T189 was surrendered to the Allies, and sold by Britain for scrap, but (along with S24) ran aground off Torquay on the south coast of England on 12 December 1920 while on passage to Teignmouth for scrapping. T189 broke her back and was scrapped in-situ.[2][7][15]

Wreck discovery

In 16 July 2021, An explorer, Darren Murray was searching for two other wrecks off Torbay when he discovered its remains.[16]

Notes
  1. "SMS" stands for "Seiner Majestät Schiff" (transl. His Majesty's Ship)
  2. The "V" in V189 denoted the shipbuilder who constructed her, in this case AG Vulcan.[1]
  3. Both Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships[2] and Jane's Fighting Ships[6] claim L/30 guns were fitted.

Citations
  1. Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 164
  2. Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 166–167
  3. Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 164, 167
  4. Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983, p. 46
  5. Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983, p. 47
  6. Moore 1990, p. 118
  7. Gröner, Jung & Maass 1983, pp. 46, 49
  8. Massie 2007, pp. 97–101
  9. Naval Staff Monograph No. 11 1921, pp. 122–123
  10. Naval Staff Monograph No. 11 1921, pp. 123–125
  11. Massie 2007, pp. 104–113
  12. Campbell 1998, p. 25
  13. Campbell 1998, pp. 261–262, 338–341
  14. Fock 1989, p. 348
  15. Dodson 2019, pp. 136, 144
  16. Smith, Colleen (15 July 2021). "Amazing discovery of lost German torpedo ship in a Torbay cave". Devon Live. Devon. Retrieved 13 October 2022.

References
  • Campbell, John (1998). Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-750-3.
  • Dodson, Aidan (2019). "Beyond the Kaiser: The IGN's Destroyers and Torpedo Boats After 1918". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2019. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 129–144. ISBN 978-1-4728-3595-6.
  • Fock, Harald (1989). Z-Vor! Internationale Entwicklung und Kriegseinsätze von Zerstörern und Torpedobooten 1914 bis 1939 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mBH. ISBN 3-7822-0207-4.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1983). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945: Band 2: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnellboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote (in German). Koblenz: Bernard & Graef Verlag. ISBN 3-7637-4801-6.
  • Massie, Robert K. (2007). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-099-52378-9.
  • Moore, John (1990). Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. London: Studio. ISBN 1-85170-378-0.
  • Monograph No. 11: The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, August 28th, 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. III. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1921. pp. 108–166.
  • Rollmann, Heinrich (1929). Der Krieg in der Ostsee: Zwieter Band: Das Kriegjahr 1915. Der Krieg zur See: 1914–1918. Berlin: Verlag von E.S. Mittler & Sohn.
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