Sangad Chaloryu

Admiral Sangad Chaloryu (Thai: สงัด ชลออยู่; RTGS: Sa-ngat Chaloyu; 4 March 1915 – 23 November 1980) was a Thai admiral and politician who served as head of the National Administrative Reform Council (NARC), a military junta that ruled Thailand from 1976 to 1980.[3][4]

Admiral
Sangad Chaloryu
สงัด ชลออยู่
Minister of Defense
In office
22 October 1976 – 20 October 1977
Prime MinisterThanin Kraivichien
Preceded bySeni Pramoj
Succeeded byLek Neawmalee
In office
5 October 1976 – 6 October 1976
Prime MinisterSeni Pramoj
Preceded bySeni Pramoj
Succeeded byLek Neawmalee
Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
In office
1 October 1975 – 30 September 1976
Preceded byKris Sivara
Succeeded byKamon Dechatungkha
Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Navy
In office
19 November 1973 – 30 September 1976
Preceded byCherdchai Thomya
Succeeded byAmorn Sirigaya
Personal details
Born(1915-03-04)4 March 1915
Suphan Buri, Nakhon Chai Si, Siam (now Doem Bang Nang Buat, Suphan Buri, Thailand)
Died23 November 1980(1980-11-23) (aged 65)
Klaeng Hospital, Klaeng, Rayong, Thailand
SpouseSukon Chaloryu
Alma materRoyal Thai Naval Academy
Profession
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Thailand
Branch/service
Years of service1933–1977
Rank General
Admiral[1]
Air Chief Marshal[2]
Commands

Education

Sangad studied at the Vichaibamrungraj School in Chai Nat Province and then moved to Uthai Witthayakhom School in Uthai Thani Province. He later moved to Bangkok to study in Bansomdejchaopraya School in the navy district Thon Buri District. After graduating from high school, he studied at the Royal Thai Naval Academy, and continued his studies at the National Defence College of Thailand and Naval War College.[5]

Careers

Sangad was considered to be a right-wing hawk and close to the CIA. In the 1930s as a young Naval Midshipman, he had trained in Nazi Germany in radar operations. As commander of a naval flotilla in 1954, he helped French Marines and elite forces escape from Vietnam after Hanoi was overrun by the Vietminh. He also held the important positions of Submarine Squadron Commander, Assistant Chief of Staff (operation), Commander of the Royal Thai Fleet, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Navy, and Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Navy then Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.[6][7]

Coup leader

As defense minister, Sangad led the coup of October 6, 1976.[8] This coup ousted the elected civilian government of Seni Pramoj. Sangad became chairman of NARC, which appointed royal favorite Thanin Kraivichien as Prime Minister. The Thanin government instituted sweeping purges of leftists and communists. Sangad was a figurehead and Army Secretary Kriangsak Chomanan was NARC's most influential figure. In October 1977, NARC staged a second coup (this time without the king's consent), and replaced Thanin with Kriangsak.[9][10]

Non-military activities
  • Member of the House of Representatives
  • Member of the Constituent Assembly
  • Senator
  • Minister of Defense[11]
  • Leader of 1976 coup
  • Leader of March 1977 coup attempt
  • President of the National Policy Council
  • Member of the 1973 National Legislative Assembly[12]

Died

Sangad died from a heart attack on 23 November 1980 at Klaeng District Hospital, Rayong Province, at age 65 years.[13][14]

Honour

received the following royal decorations in the Honours System of Thailand:

Foreign honour

References
  3. "102 ปี สงัด ชลออยู่ "จอว์สใหญ่" Never Die". www.thairath.co.th (in Thai). 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  4. isranews (2014-05-24). "พลิกปูมประวัติ "ผู้นำ" รัฐประหาร 11 ครั้ง จาก "พจน์ พหลโยธิน" ถึง "ป..." สำนักข่าวอิศรา (in Thai). Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  5. "TU Digital Collections". 1981.
  6. "ใครเป็นใครในกรณี 6 ตุลา | บันทึก 6 ตุลา". 23 September 2017.
  7. "4 มี.ค.2458 กำเนิด 'บิ๊กจอวส์' ตำนานรัฐประหาร ต้องเบิ้ล". 4 March 2020.
  8. Staff report (Oct. 18, 1976). "A Nightmare of Lynching and Burning" Time.
  9. Kamm, Henry (October 21, 1977). "Thai Junta Ousts Civilian Regime, Charging It Delayed Vote Too Long", New York Times
  10. "เปิดเอกสารลับ เหตุการณ์ 6 ตุลาจากการสายตาของCIA". www.posttoday.com. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  11. "[PDF] Untitled - ราชกิจจานุเบกษา" (PDF). Ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2015.
  12. พระบรมราชโองการ แต่งตั้งสมาชิกสภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติ
  13. https://archive.lib.cmu.ac.th/full/T/2555/laws30555nt_ch5.pdf
  14. "อนุสรณ์ในงานพระราชทานฝังศพ พลเรือเอก สงัด ชลออยู่ ม.ป.ช., ม.ว.ม., ท.จ.ว. วันเสาร์ที่ ๗ มีนาคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๒๕ ณ สถานที่ฝังศพ ก.ม. ๒๖๓ บ้านวังหิน อําเภอแกลง จังหวัดระยอง". 1981.
  15. แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ (ชั้นสายสะพาย ในโอกาสพระราชพิธีเฉลิมพระชนมพรรษา วันที่ ๕ ธันวาคม ๒๕๑๐)
  16. แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จุลจอมเกล้า
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